Ch. 5 - Normal and Deviant Sexuality Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 5 - Normal and Deviant Sexuality Deck (69)
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1
Q

What approach dominates the sociological study of sexuality?

A

The subjective approach (i.e., perceptions, meanings and control of sexuality).

2
Q

How must sexuality be viewed in sociological research?

A

As a social construction.

3
Q

How was sexuality viewed in 5th century BC Athens?

A

As intertwined with structures of power.

4
Q

What normative expectations of sex were there in ancient Athens?

A

Sex was meant to be a unidirectional relationship between a dominant and a subordinate.

5
Q

In ancient Athens, what was the nature of the sexual relationships had by aristocratic men?

A

Sex with wives was done primarily for purpose of procreation, men were allowed to engage in relationships with other women, slaves, foreigners, and aristocratic male youth.

6
Q

How was homosexual behaviour treated in ancient Athens?

A

It was not viewed as any different than heterosexuality.

7
Q

What rules were there surrounding the relationship between men and boys in ancient Athens?

A

Sex between two levels of power could only happen outside of dusk to dawn (daytime).

8
Q

What would occur in ancient Athens if a man penetrated another man?

A

He would either lose or never gain citizenship.

9
Q

What was characteristic of sexuality in Sambian society?

A

Homosexuality was ritualized and reinforced the patriarchy.

10
Q

How was homosexuality ritualized in Sambian society?

A

Once boy reached 8-10 years of age, they were removed from the village and sent to an isolated village where they would mature for 10-15 years away from women.

11
Q

What occurred in the Sambian villages where men grew up? What was the reasoning?

A

Young men would perform fellatio on older men because semen was seen as the source of masculinity.

12
Q

What were Aboriginal sex cultures characterized by?

A

A considerable variety prior to colonization. Some saw same sex unions as appropriate, some saw extramarital affairs as appropriate, others did not, etc.

13
Q

What was a common theme among Aboriginal sex cultures?

A

Sexuality was a gift from the Creator and that it was linked with all dimensions of life.

14
Q

What are les femmes du pays?

A

Aboriginal women used as country wives for European men. These unions were practical and often necessary, so no one was upset about the relationships.

15
Q

What was 17th century sexuality based on?

A

Reproduction within marriage, the need for Aboriginal women as country wives, and the sexual control of slaves.

16
Q

How was social control exerted in the 17th century?

A

Involved the church, court, family, and community.

17
Q

What did social control vary on the basis of in the 17th century?

A

Socioeconomic status, race, and gender.

18
Q

What was sexuality based on in the 18th and 19th century?

A

Intimacy within marriage, the impact of urbanization, religious shifts, and the pursuit of happiness.

19
Q

What effect did industrialization have on people’s sexuality?

A

It made things more anonymous, everyone became more liberated.

20
Q

What shift in marital relations occurred in the 18th and 19th century?

A

It shifted from an economic choice to a symbol of love.

21
Q

By the 20th century, what had the dominant meaning of sexuality become?

A

There was a focus on personal fulfillment, independent of marriage.

22
Q

In contemporary Canadian society, what is sexuality characterized by?

A

Greater, though not unlimited, sexual freedom.

23
Q

What criteria do we use to evaluate “deviant” and “normal” sexuality?

A

Nature of partner, nature of sexual act, location, and frequency.

24
Q

What determines the permissiveness of nature of the sexual partner?

A

Matters of law, formal regulations, informal regulations, and the evolving view of same sex relationships.

25
Q

What does sex work include?

A

Exotic dancing, pornography, prostitution, and any other type of work that deals with impersonal sexual activity.

26
Q

What is the main issue of exotic dancing?

A

Exploitation vs. choice.

27
Q

Why do many women start dancing?

A

To support themselves financially.

28
Q

What does the financial drive to start dancing call into question?

A

Whether or not choice was ever part of the equation.

29
Q

What are the four types of dancers?

A

Survivors, nonconformists, dancers, and workers.

30
Q

What does the term survivor refer to?

A

Women who have a history of childhood abuse. They feel as though they have been forced into the industry because of a lack of alternatives.

31
Q

What does the term nonconformist refer to?

A

Rebels; typically from a privileged background. Dancing is a choice for them.

32
Q

What does the term dancer refer to?

A

Those trained as dancers who are attracted to the creative aspect of exotic dancing.

33
Q

What does the term worker refer to?

A

Working class backgrounds, allured by the money.

34
Q

What does emotional labour involve?

A

Illusions; feigning interest in clients so that more money goes her way.

35
Q

What is erotic dancing about?

A

Work, not sex or entertainment.

36
Q

What are the 3 types of power in the erotic dancing industry?

A

Individual, organizational, and institutional.

37
Q

What is individual power in the dancing industry?

A

How dancers negotiate and navigate their relationships with customers, who have all the power.

38
Q

What is organizational power in the dancing industry?

A

The rules of the establishment.

39
Q

What is institutional power in the dancing power?

A

The “McDonaldization”of the industry; knowing exactly what you’re getting at the strip club.

40
Q

What is an example of the calculability of erotic dancing?

A

The length of the songs that the girls choose.

41
Q

What is an example of the institutional control of erotic dancing?

A

The use of makeup or plastic surgery to meet the classic beauty standard.

42
Q

What are the three types of definition of pornography?

A

Functional, genre, and labelling.

43
Q

What is the purpose of the functional definition of porn?

A

Individual arousal.

44
Q

What is the purpose of the genre definition of porn?

A

The intentions of the producers.

45
Q

What is the purpose of the labelling definition of porn?

A

Community standards.

46
Q

What are the three harmful effects of porn?

A

Physical harm, social harm, and ideological harm.

47
Q

What have 4 issues been in the past regarding prostitution?

A

Morality, public health, victimization, and worker’s rights.

48
Q

What is characteristic of juvenile prostitutes?

A

Histories of abuse and neglect, disproportionately poor and/or of minority status, history of drug use and abuse.

49
Q

What does procurement of juvenile prostitutes depend on?

A

Age and level of vulnerability.

50
Q

What demographics do the recruitment of youth prostitutes?

A

Mostly male pimps or other young women.

51
Q

What strategies are used to procure youth prostitutes?

A

Seduction and stratagem.

52
Q

What is seduction?

A

Expressions of affection, attraction, and concern; exposure to the life, coercion.

53
Q

What is stratagem?

A

Direct recruitment; presenting pimp as the manager and suggesting that she is in control.

54
Q

What does training for youth prostitution involve?

A

Re-socializing them into the sex trade.

55
Q

What is the most important rule in the sex trade?

A

Never tell police you have a pimp.

56
Q

What other rules are there that young girls must learn about the sex trade?

A

Never talk to other pimps, never hold back money, don’t talk to police longer than necessary.

57
Q

What is a “wife-in-law”?

A

The pimp’s main lady tasked with training the newest recruit.

58
Q

What skills are learned in the re-socialization of young prostitutes?

A

How to recognize undercover cops or bad dates, as well as knowing how to perform various sexual services.

59
Q

What does the term “first trick” refer to?

A

The first interaction with a client.

60
Q

What may occur if juvenile prostitutes violate rules or attempt to leave?

A

Abduction and being forced back into the trade.

61
Q

What does sex trafficking involve?

A

The recruitment, transportation, harbouring, or receipt of people, with the specific purpose of sexually exploiting them.

62
Q

Who is most often the victim of sex trafficking?

A

Girls, and occasionally boys, who are bought from separate families, as well as young women and men who are lured to Western countries on the promise of a good job or education.

63
Q

What percentage of sex trafficking victims are young women and girls?

A

98%

64
Q

What is the average age of sex trafficking victims?

A

13 or 14

65
Q

How are sex trafficking victims controlled?

A

Being forced into drug addictions or debt bondage.

66
Q

What is the defining feature of trafficking?

A

Control.

67
Q

What percentage of trafficking victims in Canada come from other countries?

A

7%, the other 93% are from within Canada.

68
Q

What is sex tourism?

A

Going to other countries to partake in sex trafficking.

69
Q

What country has an international reputation for sex tourism?

A

Canada.