Ch. 5 Adaptations to Anaerobic Training Programs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 5 Adaptations to Anaerobic Training Programs Deck (43)
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1
Q

Anaerobic training

A

consists of high-intensity, intermittent bouts of exercise such as weight training; plyometric drills; and speed, agility, and interval training

2
Q

size principle

A

based on the relationship between motor unit twitch force and recruitment threshold

3
Q

selective recruitment

A

allows an athlete to inhibit lower-threshold motor unit and in their place activate the higher-threshold motor units critical to optimal speed and power performance

4
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

the interface between the nerve and skeletal muscle and is another potential sire for the occurrence of neural adaptations from anaerobic training

5
Q

electromyography

A

a common research tool used to examine the magnitude of neural activation following training

6
Q

cross-education

A

training only one limb can result in an increase in strength in the untrained limb

7
Q

bilateral deficit

A

the force produced when both limbs are contracting together is less that the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally

8
Q

hypertrophy

A

refers to the muscular enlargement resulting from training, primarily owing to an increase in the cross-sectional area of the existing fibers

9
Q

titin and nebulin

A

structural proteins

10
Q

myogenesis

A

upregulation of factors involved with muscle regeneration

11
Q

hyperplasia

A

results in an increase in the number of muscle fibers via longitudinal fiber splitting as a response to high intensity resistance training

12
Q

mechanical loading

A

loading weight on the bone

13
Q

osteoblasts

A

migrate to the bone after mechanical loading and begin bone modeling

14
Q

bone matrix

A

formed by the proteins secreted by osteoblasts

15
Q

hydroxyapatite

A

calcium phosphate crystals

16
Q

periosteum

A

the outer surface of the bone

17
Q

trabecular bone

A

spongy

18
Q

cortical bone

A

compact

19
Q

minimal essential strain

A

refers to the threshold stimulus that initiates new bone formation

20
Q

bone mineral density

A

the quantity of mineral deposited in a given area of bone

21
Q

specificity of loading

A

using exercises that directly load a particular region of the skeleton

22
Q

osteoporosis

A

a disease in which bone mineral density and bone mass become reduced to critically low levels

23
Q

osteogenic stimuli

A

factors that stimulate new bone formation

24
Q

structural exercises

A

exercises that involve multiple joints, should direct the force vectors through the spine and hip

25
Q

progressive overload

A

progressively placing greater than normal demands on the exercising musculature

26
Q

stress fractures

A

microfractures in bone due to structural fatigue

27
Q

peak bone mass

A

the maximum bone mass achieved

28
Q

collagen

A

the primary structural component of all connective tissue

29
Q

procollagen

A

the parent protein for collagen, synthesized and secreted by fibroblasts

30
Q

microfibril

A

the parallel arrangement of filaments

31
Q

cross-linking

A

the strong chemical bonds that give strength to collagen

32
Q

elastin

A

elastic fibers in ligaments

33
Q

tendon stiffness

A

force transmission per unit of strain, or tendon elongation

34
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

articular cartilage, found on the articulating surfaces of bones

35
Q

fibrous cartilage

A

very tough form of cartilage found in the intervertebral disks of the spine and at the junctions where tendons attach to bone

36
Q

reactive hyperemia

A

when blood flow increases during the rest period after muscular contractions greater than 20% of maximal voluntary contraction

37
Q

rate-pressure product

A

heart rate x systolic blood pressure; a measure of myocardial work

38
Q

ventilation equivalent

A

the ratio of air ventilated to oxygen used by the tissues

39
Q

overtraining

A

defined as excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of train gin that results in extreme fatigue, illness, or injury; often due to insufficient rest, recovery, and maybe nutrition

40
Q

overreaching

A

excessive training on a short-term basis

41
Q

overtraining syndrome

A

the condition resulting from overtraining

42
Q

sympathetic overtraining syndrome

A

includes increased sympathetic activity at rest

43
Q

detraining

A

the cessation of anaerobic training or a substantial reduction in frequency, volume, intensity, or any combination of them that results in decrements in performance and loss of some of the physiological adaptations associated wither existence training