CH 5&6

Question 1

The first appearance in the fossil record of many animal phyla, within a relatively short (

Answer 1

Cambrian explosion

Question 2

Southern of the two large continents that existed in the early Mesozoic

Answer 2

Gondwana

Question 3

An organism that resides within the cells of a host species

Answer 3

Endosymbionts

Question 4

Northern of the two large continents that existed in the early Mesozoic

Answer 4

Laurasia

Question 5

Highly elevated rate of extinction of species, extending over an interval that is relatively short on a geological time scale

Answer 5

Mass extinction

Question 6

Locations in which species have persisted while becoming extinct elsewhere

Answer 6

Refugia

Question 7

Single large “world continent” formed by coalescence of land masses in the Paleozoic

Answer 7

Pangea

Question 8

Major geographic regions of earth that have characteristic animals and plant taxa

Answer 8

Biogeographic realm

Question 9

The study of the geographic distribution of organisms

Answer 9

Biogeography

Question 10

Distributions have gaps

Answer 10

Disjunct distribution

Question 11

In population biology, movement of individual organism to different localities; in biogeography, extension of the geographic range of a species by movement of individuals

Answer 11

Dispersal

Question 12

Addresses current factors that affect present distributions

Answer 12

Ecological biogeography

Question 13

Range of combinations of all relevant environmental variables under which a species of population can persist; often more loosely used to describe the “role” of a species, or the resource it utilizes

Answer 13

Ecological niche (fundamental, potential, realized)

Question 14

Of a taxon, restricted to a specific region or locality

Answer 14

Endemic

Question 15

Study of historical changes in the geographic distribution of organisms, including those that affect their present distribution

Answer 15

Historical biogeography

Question 16

Slow evolution of the ecological requirements of a group of organism s, resulting in long-continued dependence of related species in similar resources and environment conditions

Answer 16

Phylogenetic niche conservatism

Question 17

Description and analysis of the history and processes that govern the geographic distribution of genes within species and among closely related species, analysis that may shed light on the history of the populations

Answer 17

Phylogeography

Question 18

Separation of a continuously distributed ancestral population or species into separate populations because of the development of a geographic or ecological barrier

Answer 18

Vicariance

Question 19

Shows Phenotypic transformation in particular lineages and changes in biological diversities over time

Answer 19

Fossil Record

Question 20

Divided into three eras

Answer 20

Phanerozoic

Question 21

542 MYA

Answer 21

Paleozoic era

Question 22

251 mya

Answer 22

Mesozoic era

Question 23

65.5 mya

Answer 23

Cenozoic era

Question 24

2.56 mya

Answer 24

Pleistocene epoch