Ch 46: Vasodilators Flashcards Preview

Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 9th ed. > Ch 46: Vasodilators > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch 46: Vasodilators Deck (18)
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1
Q

What are the 3 varieties of vasodilators?

A

Those that selectively dilate arterioles, those that selectively dilate veins, and those that dilate both.

(p. 494)

2
Q

What is another term for arterioles? Veins?

A

Resistance vessels
Capacitance vessels

(p. 494)

3
Q

The selectivity of a vasodilator determines its…

A

…hemodynamic effects.

p. 494

4
Q

Drugs that dilate arterioles cause…

A

…a decrease in cardiac afterload.

p. 494

5
Q

Drugs that dilate veins cause…

A

…a decrease in cardiac preload.

p. 494

6
Q

To help prevent vasodilator-induced reflex tachycardia, patients can be…

A

…pretreated with a beta blocker, which will block sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

(p. 495)

7
Q

Reduced blood pressure triggers secretion of…

A

…aldosterone by the adrenal glands.

p. 495

8
Q

Increased _____ ______ can negate the beneficial effects of a vasodilator. This is why patients often receive concurrent therapy with a ________.

A

blood volume
diuretic

(p. 495)

9
Q

Hydralazine and minoxidil both cause selective dilation of…

A

…arterioles.

p. 495

10
Q

In addition to decreased peripheral resistance and arterial blood pressure, reflex mechanisms causes and increase in…

A

…heart rate and myocardial contractility.

p. 495

11
Q

Hydralazine is inactivated by a process known as acetylation. The ability to acetylate drugs is…

A

…genetically determined.

p. 495

12
Q

Hydralazine can cause an acute rheumatoid syndrome that closely resembles…

A

…systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

p. 496

13
Q

Because minoxidil is both very effective and very dangerous, it is reserved for patients with…

A

…severe hypertension unresponsive to safer drugs.

p. 496

14
Q

To minimize the adverse responses of reflex tachycardia, expansion of blood volume, and pericardial effusion, minoxidil should be used with…

A

…a beta blocker plus intensive diuretic therapy.

p. 496

15
Q

80% of patients taking minoxidil for 4 weeks or more develop…

A

…hypertrichosis (excessive growth of hair).

p. 497

16
Q

Which drug acts faster than any other vasodilator available?

A

Nitroprusside (Nipride)

p. 497

17
Q

xxx

A

…venous dilation in addition to arteriolar dilation.

p. 497

18
Q

Adverse effects of nitroprusside include…

A

…cyanide poisoning and thiocyanate toxicity.

p. 497

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