Ch 42: Immunology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch 42: Immunology Deck (18)
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1
Q

Main functions of the immune system

A

Protects against infection and microbes

Isolates and removes non-microbial foreign substances

2
Q

Pathogens

A

Invade because of an unlimited source of food/energy
Main objective is to get into blood circulation
Ex. parasites, bacteria, protists, fungi, viruses, etc.

3
Q

Viruses

A

Non living pathogens

4
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant phagocytic cells

Engulfs pathogens and releases chemicals to kill the bacteria

5
Q

Cytokines

A

Alarming chemicals

Send a siren throughout the body about an infection

6
Q

Vasodilators

A

Cells that increase the size of the blood vessel

Allows more immune cells to get to the site quicker

7
Q

Chemotaxins

A

Chemo attractants

Chemicals that tell immune cells exactly where to go

8
Q

Mast cells

A

No direct contact with pathogen
Release histamine as an inflammation response
Raise alarm in the body and recruit other immune cells

9
Q

B Lymphocytes

A

No direct contact with pathogen
Transform into plasma cells and release antibodies into circulation
Form memory cells

10
Q

Memory cells

A

Cells that remember previous bacteria that have attacked the immune system
With increased contact, it takes less time to destroy them

11
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Release perforin and granzymes

Induce apoptosis

12
Q

Histamine

A

Causes vasodilation
Increases blood flow to an infected area
Causes redness and swelling

13
Q

Selectin

A

.

14
Q

Margination

A

.

15
Q

Integrin

A

.

16
Q

Diapedesis

A

Phagocytic cells squeezing through the blood vessel

17
Q

Opsonization

A

Binding then engulfing

Similar to endocytosis

18
Q

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

A

Extracellular destruction
Cell embeds itself in the microbe membrane, forming pores
Ultimately leads to the formation of pores, which allows water to rush in