Ch. 4 Cellular Respiration Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 4 Cellular Respiration Deck (26)
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1
Q

converts energy in chemical bonds of food into energy cells can use

A

cellular respiration

2
Q

where is energy stored?

A

in the electrons of bonds

3
Q

nuncleotide triphosphate. contains nitrogenous base (adenine), sugar, and 3 phosphates.

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

4
Q

phosphates in ATP

A

negatively charged. releasing them releases energy the cell can use. can be regenerated by adding a phosphate

5
Q

ADP

A

adenosine diphosphate.

6
Q

removing a phosphate group from ATP, making ADP, and transferring it to another molecule to energize

A

phosphorylation

7
Q

aerobic respiration

A

requires O2. uses glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain

8
Q

located in cytoplasm. carbon-glucose molecule is broken down into 3 carbon pyruvic acids producing 2 ATP. glucose+ water->carbon dioxide+water

A

glycolysis

9
Q

location of glycolysis

A

cytoplasm

10
Q

how many ATP are produced in glycolysis

A

2 ATP

11
Q

what is broken down in glycolysis to produce 2 ATP

A

carbon-glucose molecule into 3 carbon pyruvic acids

12
Q

what happens after pyruvic acid is decarboxylated?

A

the now 2 carbon fragment is metabolized further in the mitochondria entering the citric acid cycle

13
Q

located in matrix of mitochondria. uses products of glycolysis, pyruvic acid, to produce 2 ATP per glucose molecule.cycle harvests electrons from remnants of glucose and releases CO2. NAD+ picks up 2 H+ and releases 1 H+, turning into NADH. NADH transports harvested e- from the cycle to transport chain. pyruvic acid->3CO2+1ATP+5 reduced enzymes

A

citric acid cycle

14
Q

location of citric acid cycle

A

matrix of mitochondria

15
Q

how many ATP are produced in the citric acid cycle?

A

2 ATP per glucose molecule

16
Q

what is NAD+’s role in the citric acid cycle?

A

picks up 2H+ and releases one to turn into NADH. NADH is used to transport e- from the cycle to the transport chain

17
Q

chemical formula for citric acid cycle

A

pyruvic acid->3CO2+1ATP+5 reduced enzymes

18
Q

NADH bring e- which move through protein into the inner membrane space, decreasing the H+ concentration in the matrix and increasing H+ concentration in the inner membrane space. H+ cant go through hydrophobic core of membrane and must travel through ATP synthase enzyme. enzyme generates energy from H+ ions rushing through it. creates 26 ATP

A

electron transport chain

19
Q

what brings the e- to the electron transport chain

A

NADH

20
Q

how many ATP are produced in the electron transport chain?

A

26 ATP

21
Q

how is ATP generated in the electron transport chain?

A

H+ rushing through the ATP synthase enzyme

22
Q

Why does the H+ need to go through the synthase in the electron transport chain?

A

it cant travel through the hydrophobic core of the membrane

23
Q

generating ATP without O2

A

anaerobic respiration

24
Q

doesnt use O2 and will run low on NAD+ after a while. cells use fementation to regenerate NAD+ causing buildup of lactic acid. lactic acid is sent to liver where is is converted back to pyruvic acid using O2

A

glycolysis in anaerobic respiration

25
Q

NADH dumping e- on pyruvic acid to make NAD+ because electron transport chain doesnt work without O2

A

production of lactic acid.

26
Q

why do you breath heavily after exercise?

A

the O2 is needed so the liver can convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid