Ch. 33: Imperative

Question 1

What are the three functions of the imperative?

Answer 1

(Imperative of:)

1. …Command
2. …Entreaty
3. …Prohibition (+emphatic negation)

Question 2

What are the 4 + 1 constructions of prohibitions listed?

Answer 2

1. οὐ + Future Indicative (Simplest Negation)
2. μή + Present Imperative (Prohibiting Continuous Action)
3. μή + Aorist Imperative (Prohibiting Undefined Action)
4. μή + Aorist Subjunctive (Strong than #1)
5. οὐ μή + Aorist Subjunctive (Emphatic Negation; Stronger than #4; Very firm, “This will never happen!”

Question 3

What is the imperative εἰμί, s + p, and what is special about it?

Answer 3

It only has second and third person:

2s: ἴσθι
3s: ἔστω

2p: ἔστε
3p: ἔστωσαν

Question 4

The Present (continuous) imperative is built on what stem?

Answer 4

Present Stem

Question 5

The Aorist (undefined) imperative is built on what stem, and what is notable about it?

Answer 5

Aorist stem (without augment)

Question 6

What do you do in the case of a 3rd person imperative?

Answer 6

Use “Let” and add pronoun.

Question 7

What are the four perfect imperatives used in the NT?

Answer 7

1. πεφίμωσο (φιμόω, Mark 4:39)
2. ἔρρωσθε (ῥώννυμι, Acts 15:29)
   3-4. ἴστε (οἶδα, Eph 5:5; Jas 1:19)

Question 8

What is the Present: Active, Middle, and Passive?

Answer 8

ACTIVE:

2s: -ε
3s: -ετω

2p: -ετε
3p: -ετωσαν

MIDDLE:

2s: -ου
3s: -εσθω

2p: -εσθε
3p: -εσθωσαν

PASSIVE:

2s: -ου
3s: -εσθω

2p: -εσθε
3p: -εσθωσαν

Question 9

What is the FIRST Αοrist: Active, Middle, and Passive?

Answer 9

ACTIVE:

2s: -σον
3s: -σατω

2p: -σατε
3p: -σατωσαν

MIDDLE:

2s: -σαι
3s: -ασθω

2p: -σασθε
3p: -σασθωσαν

PASSIVE:

2s: -θητι
3s: -θητω

2p: -θητε
3p: -θητωσαν

Question 10

What is the SECOND Αοrist: Active, Middle, and Passive?

Answer 10

–Same as the Present Tense, but uses 2nd Aor Stem–
ACTIVE:
2s: -ε
3s: -ετω

2p: -ετε
3p: -ετωσαν

MIDDLE:

2s: -ου
3s: -εσθω

2p: -εσθε
3p: -εσθωσαν

PASSIVE:

2s: -ου
3s: -εσθω

2p: -εσθε
3p: -εσθωσαν