Ch. 3: Syllabification and Pronunciation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 3: Syllabification and Pronunciation Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is the first rule of syllabification?

A

Every syllable must begin with one consonant and have only one vowel

2
Q

What is the second rule of syllabification?

A

There are only two types of syllables: open and closed

3
Q

How are syllables classified in Hebrew?

A

Syllables are classified by their proximity to the accent

4
Q

What is the first rule for identifying whether a begadkephat is a Daghesh Forte or Lene? (the main rule for determining if a Forte)

A
  1. The Dahesh in a begadkephat is a Forte if preceded by a vowel

(for example the ה of אַתָּה is a Forte because it is preceded by a vowel under א)

5
Q

What is the second rule for identifying whether a begadkephat is a Daghesh Forte or Lene? (how to identify if it is a Lene)

A
  1. The Dahesh in a begadkephat is a Lene if preceded by a consonant
6
Q

What is the third rule for identifying whether a begadkephat is a Daghesh Forte or Lene? (Determining if a Daghesh is in the first consonant of a word)

A
  1. A begadkephat letter at the beginning of a word takes a Daghesh Lene unless the previous word ends in a vowel
7
Q

What is the main rule for determining if a Shewa is silent or vocal?

A

A Shewa is silent if the previous vowel is short. In most other circumstances, it is vocal.

8
Q

When is a Shewa Silent?

A
  1. if the previous vowel is short
  2. if it is the first of two contiguous Shewas
  3. if it is at the end of a word (for example, כָּתַבְתְּ both Shewas are silent, since the second comes at the end of the word)
    * (In most other circumstances it is vocal)*
9
Q

What is the main rule for determining when a Shewa is vocal?

A

The Shewa is vocal if it is not immediately preceded by a short vowel

10
Q

What are two other applications for determining if the Shewa is vocal?

A
  1. if it is after any unaccented long vowel
  2. the second of two contiguous Shewas
11
Q

What kind of Shewa can a guttural take?

A

A guttural can only take a Silent Shewa (but ר can take a Vocal Shewa)

12
Q

When does the Qamets Hatuf occur?

A

The Qamets Hatuf occurs only in a closed and unaccented syllable (חָכְ/מַה) (The first Qamets is a Hatuf because it is closed and unaccented; the second is a Qamats because it is accented and closed)

13
Q

When does Qamets occur?

A

Qamets prefers an open, pretonic syllable or a closed, accented syllable (Ex: דָּבָר; Both are Qamets: the first is an open, pretonic syllable; the second is closed, accented)

14
Q

What is a Furtive Pathach?

A

When a word ends in Het or Ayin a Pathach may appear beneath this consonant and must be pronounced before the guttural (e.g. rûah)

15
Q

How does the Furitive Pathach effect syllabification?

A

It is not considered a full vowel, nor is it counted in syllabification (it goes along with the previous consonant/vowel combo; for example רַ/קִיעַ)

16
Q

What is a Quiescent Alef?

A

When Alef occurs without a vowel, it is quiescent – it is not considered a consonant within the rules of syllabification (for example: חַטְ/טָאת)

17
Q

What sometimes happens for the quiesced Aleph

A

Lengthen the preceding short vowel

18
Q

What syllables do short vowels prefer?

A
  1. closed, unaccented (עֶ֫בֶד [בֶד])

or

  1. open, accented (עֶ֫בֶד [עֶ֫])
19
Q

What syllables do long vowels prefer?

A

(changeable or unchangeable)

  1. closed, accented (דָּבָר [בָר])
  2. open, pretonic (דָּבָר [ָדָּ])
20
Q

What syllables do vocal Shewa and reduced vowels prefer?

A
  1. open, propretonic (דְּבָרִים [דְּ)
21
Q

Reduced vowels will appear in what position with what consonant?

A

The reduced vowels appear with guttural consonants in the open, propretonic position (אֱ/לֹ/הִים)

22
Q

What kind of syllable do the reduced vowels only appear in?

A

Only in open syllables (they are never silent)

23
Q

What are three important considerations for gutturals (two of which have already been addressed in previous cards)?

A
  1. The gutturals (including ר) cannot take Daghesh Forte.
  2. The gutturals (excluding ר) cannot take Vocal Shewa but prefer Hateph (reduced) vowels.
  3. The gutturals prefer to appear with a-class vowels.
24
Q

Gutturals prefer what vowel before them?

A

Pathach

25
Q

When a BGDKPFT letter follows a vowel what can it not have?

A

A Lene (I am not sure if this way of wording it will be helpful in the future)

26
Q

Is a syllable at the end of a word that ends with a He vowel letter open or closed?

A

It is open, because the vowel letter does not count as a consonant