Ch. 3 Diagnostic Terms Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 3 Diagnostic Terms Deck (42)
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0
Q

albinism

A

a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin and hair)

1
Q

acne

A

inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin, evidenced by comedones (blackheads), pustules, or nodules on the skin (acne = point)

2
Q

burn

A

injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases

3
Q

first-degree burn

A

a burn involving only the epidermis; characterized by erythemia (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)

4
Q

second-degree burn

A

a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters)

5
Q

third-degree burns

A

a burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, with damage or destruction of subcutaneous tissue

6
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin characterized by erythema, pruritus (itching), and various lesions

7
Q

dermatosis

A

any disorder of the skin

8
Q

exanthematous viral disease

A

an eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema = eruption)

9
Q

rubella

A

reddish; German measles

10
Q

rubeola

A

reddish; 14-day measles

11
Q

varicella

A

a tiny spot; chickenpox

12
Q

eczema

A

to boil out; often used interchangeable with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning

13
Q

furnuncle

A

boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair folicle; cause by staphalococcosis

14
Q

carbuncle

A

a skin infection consisting of clusters of furnuncles (carbo = small, glowing embers)

15
Q

abscess

A

a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues, which heals when drained or excised (abscessus = a going away)

16
Q

gangrene

A

an eating sore; death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

17
Q

herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

A

transient viral vesicles (e.g., cold sores or fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and nose (herpes = creeping skin disease)

18
Q

herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)

A

sexually transmitted, ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress

19
Q

herpes zoster

A

a viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles (zoster = girdle)

20
Q

impetigo

A

a highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted, most often around the mouth and nostrils

21
Q

keratoses

A

thickened areas of the epidermis

22
Q

actinic (or solar) keratoses

A

localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight, a known precursor to cancer (actinic = ray; solar = sun)

23
Q

seborrheic keratoses

A

benign, wart-like tumors; more common on elderly skin

24
Q

lupus

A

a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus = wolf)

25
Q

cutaneous lupus

A

limited to the surface of the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash, especially on the face, neck, and scalp

26
Q

systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)

A

a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often vital organs

27
Q

malignant cutaneous neoplasm

A

skin cancer

28
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium

29
Q

basil cell carcinoma (BCC)

A

malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis; the most common type of skin cancer

30
Q

malignant melanoma

A

malignant tumor composed of melanocytes

31
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the wall of blood vessels, appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to the lymph nodes and internal organs; commonly seen in patients with HIV/AIDS

32
Q

onychia

A

inflammation of the fingernail or toenail

33
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of the nail fold

34
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis

35
Q

pediculosis capitis

A

head lic (capitus = head)

36
Q

pediculosis pubis

A

lice that generally infect the pubic region and sometimes also hair of the axilla, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces; also called crabs (pubis = groin)

37
Q

psorasis

A

itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silvery scales covering red patches, papules, and/or plaques on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of the skin cells; common sites of involvement are the elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, and nails

38
Q

scabies

A

a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch, most often at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc. (scabo = to scratch)

39
Q

seborrhea

A

a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands

40
Q

tinea

A

a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), also called athlete’s foot

41
Q

vitiligo

A

a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin (commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas)

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