Ch. 3 Cells and Metabolism Flashcards Preview

Human Biology > Ch. 3 Cells and Metabolism > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 3 Cells and Metabolism Deck (26)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

required in large amounts. water, carbs, proteins, fat

A

macronutrients

2
Q

carbon bound to as many H+ as possible. solid at room temp

A

saturated fat

3
Q

carbon double bond prevents saturation. liquid at room temp

A

unsaturated fat

4
Q

many unsaturated fat. kinked structure

A

polyunsaturated fat

5
Q

combines H+ gas to increase saturation levels. slows spoiling and solidifies oils

A

hydrogenated

6
Q

Straight chain saturated fat rather than cis formation. Non beneficial to body

A

Trans fat

7
Q

Required in minute amounts. Neither destroyed nor burned for energy

A

Micronutrients

8
Q

No input of energy is required. By way of concentration gradient through plasma membrane. Hydrophobic, CO2, and O2 molecules

A

Passive transport

9
Q

movement form higher concentration to lower. continues until equilibrium is met and there is no concentration gradient. type of passive transport

A

diffusion

10
Q

proteins in bilayer allow hydrophilic molecules to pass in and out of cell according to concentration gradient. type of passive transport

A

facilitated diffusion

11
Q

movement of water across membrane according to concentration gradient. type of passive transport

A

osmosis

12
Q

input of energy required. against concentration gradient. uses proteins powered by ATP to pump against gradient

A

active transport

13
Q

membrane bound vesicle carrying molecules too large to pass through proteins, fuses with plasma membrane and releases contents into exterior of cell

A

exocytosis

14
Q

substance brought inot cell by pinching inward of bilayer, releasing contents into interior of cell

A

endocytosis

15
Q

speed at which body breaks down food into their parts. regulated by enzyme that catalyze rate of reactions

A

metabolism

16
Q

end in -ase and describe what theyre catalyzing. catalyze by lowering activation energy

A

enzyme

17
Q

energy required to start a metabolic reaction

A

activation energy

18
Q

chemicals that are metabolized by an enzyme catalyzed retain. enzyme places stress on chemical bonds, decreasing energy need to breack the bonds (activation energy)

A

substrate

19
Q

where the substrate binds to the enzyme. has own shape and chemistry

A

active site

20
Q

shape chane by enzyme in response to substrate binding. creates stress on substrate bonds and resume shape after reaction

A

induced fit

21
Q

result of chape and active site of enzyme. due to differing unique sequences of amino acids and their side group

A

specificity

22
Q

enzyme deficiency of lactase. lactic acid is by product of lactose being digested by bacteria in intestine

A

lactose intolerance

23
Q

measure of bodys energy use

A

metabolic rate

24
Q

resting energy of awake body. average is 70kcal/hr

A

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

25
Q

sppeds rate at which fat breaks down, making it necessary to consume more calories than women on average

A

testosterone

26
Q

calores to consume

A

desired weight x 11 + calories burned during exercise