Ch 3 - Cell, Tissue and Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

Structural units that form all body tissues.

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2
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function. Includes epithelial tissue, connective, nervous and muscle.

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Forms epidermis (top skin layer) and surface layer of membranes. Can be single layer (simple) or several layers (stratified). Can be three cell shapes: squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube), or columnar (cylindrical). Functions: protects, absorbs and secretes.

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4
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Flat shaped cells.

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5
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Cube shaped cells.

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6
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Cylindrical shaped cells.

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7
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Composed of cells that are able to form tissues of various consistences, which connect and support other body tissues. Types of connective tissue include: cartilage, adipose, bone and blood.

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8
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Composed of cells called neurons, which transmit nerve impulses by releasing neurotransmitters. This tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, and nerves of the body.

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9
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Composed of cells called contractile fibers, which contract (shorten) or relax (lengthen). This moves the body, makes heart beat, helps organs function and maintains blood pressure.

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10
Q

Organs

A

Structures composed of 2 or more tissue types and perform specialized functions. “Organ Systems” are when organs and other structures function together for a specific purpose.

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11
Q

Anatomical Position

A

A base position to refer to patient’s body. It is as thought the patient is standing straight and upright, arms to sides, palms facing forward.

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12
Q

Midline

A

Point of reference which divides the body in half, from head to feet and through the umbilicus.

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13
Q

Axial Body

A

Head, neck and trunk.

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14
Q

Appendicular Body

A

Arms/upper extremities, and legs/lower extremities.

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15
Q

Body Planes

A

Imaginary slices through the body that divides it vertically or horizontally for points of reference. Used when referring to most body movements.

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16
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane from front to back, dividing body into left and right halves. Includes body movements in an anterior or posterior direction, such as flexion and extension.

17
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Also known as coronal plane. Slices body vertically from left to right, dividing into front and back halves. Body movements in the medial or lateral direction are in frontal plane, such as abduction, adduction, radial and ulnar deviation, eversion and inversion.

18
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Also known as horizontal plane. Divides body into upper and lower portions. This plane includes motion in the horizontal direction, or rotation of body parts, such as medial and lateral rotation, pronation, supination, and horizontal adduction/abduction.

19
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Cavity including the back half of the torso/head.

20
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Cavity including the brain.

21
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

Cavity containing the spinal column.

22
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Cavity including the entire front side of the body’s torso, including the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

23
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Cavity containing the heart, lungs, great vessels, trachea and thymus.

24
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Part of the Abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and intestines.

25
Q

Retroperitoneal Space

A

Space at back of abdomen, just lateral to the spinal column, which contains the kidneys.

26
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Part of the Abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder and female reproductive organs.

27
Q

Nine-Region System

A

One of 2 systems of dividing the body for communication/documentation. Consists of nine abdominal segments (like tic-tac-toe) based around a center segment at the umbilical region. Includes: 2 upper hypochondriac regions, an upper center epigastric region; 2 middle lumbar regions and umbilical region dead center; and 2 lower iliac regions and lower center hypogastric region.

28
Q

Four-Quadrant System

A

One of 2 systems of dividing the body for communication/documentation. Consists of four equal sections of imaginary regions of abdomen, split equally at the umbilicus. Includes: Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), and Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ).