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Flashcards in ch 28 Deck (29)
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1
Q

organisms that cause spoilage- flat sour

A

geobacillus stearothermophilus (can not swollen)

2
Q

HACCP

A

hazard analysis and critical control point

-FDA, USDA

3
Q

commercial sterilization

industrial food canning

A

destroys C. botulinum endospores

4
Q

12D treatment

A

kills 10 power of 12 endospores

5
Q

thermophilic anaerobe spoilage

A

surviving endospores multiply, causing can to swell from gas

6
Q

ionizing radiation- low dose

A

kills insects

7
Q

ionizing radiation- pasteurizing dose

A

meats and poultry

8
Q

ionizing radiation- high dose

A

sterilizing spices

9
Q

aseptic packaging

A

presterilized materials assembled into packages and aseptically filled

10
Q

high pressure food preservation

A

pre-wrapped, precooked foods at 87,000 psi
kills salmonells, listeria, E. coli
preserves color and flavor well

11
Q

4 types of food preservation

A

industrial food canning
aseptic technique
radiation
high pressure

12
Q

curd

A

solid casein from lactic acid babacteria and rennin

13
Q

whey

A

liquid seperated from curd

14
Q

hard cheese

A

produced by lactic acid bacteria

15
Q

semisoft cheese

A

ripened by penicillium on surface

16
Q

beer and ale

A

fermented starch

17
Q

malting

A

germinating barley converts starch to maltose and glucose

18
Q

sake

A

rice starch is converted to sugar by aspergillus

19
Q

wine

A

fermented plant sugars

20
Q

grape wine

A

requires bacterial malolactic fermentation

21
Q

biotechnology

A

use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product
-classical->fermentation

22
Q

primary metabolite

A

production curve lags only slightly behind the line showing cell growth

23
Q

secondary metabolite

A

begins to be produced only after the logarithmic growth phase of the cell is complete

24
Q

industrial products

A

xanthan, amino acids, citric acid, enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics, steroids, copper

25
Q

biological leaching of copper ore bacteria

A

T. ferrooxidans

26
Q

alternative energy sources using microbes

A

biomass uses bioconversion to create methane, ethanol, or hydrogen

27
Q

biofuels

A
  1. cellulose digested by cellulase
  2. sugars fermented to ethanol , higher alcohols, or hydrogen
  3. algal oils
28
Q

organisms that cause spoilage- thermophillic anaerobic

A

thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum

-swollen can

29
Q

organisms that cause spoilage- putrefactive anaerobic

A

Clostridium sporogenes, C. botulism

-swollen can