CH 24 - Trauma Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Cavitation

A

Pressure waves that can damage nearby structures

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2
Q

Multisystem trauma

A

Significant MOI that causes injuries to more than one body system

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3
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of a moving object

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4
Q

Mechanism of Injury (MOI)

A

How the trauma occured

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5
Q

Potential energy

A

Product of mass, gravity and height

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6
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Result of force to the body that causes injury but does not penetrate soft tissue or internal organs and cavities

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7
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

Injury caused by objects that pierce the surface of the body

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8
Q

Work

A

Force acting over a distance

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9
Q

Index of suspicion

A

Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries

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10
Q

Energy can be…

A

Converted

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11
Q

The amount of KINETIC energy that is converted to do work on the body dictates the ______ of the injury

A

______ energy that is converted to do work on the body dictates the SEVERITY of the injury.

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12
Q

Types of motorcycle impacts

A

Head-on collision
Angular collision
Controlled collision

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13
Q

Types of collisions in frontal impact

A

Car striking object
Passenger striking vehicle
Internal organs strike solid structures of the body

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14
Q

Appropriate use of air medical services

A

Distance to trauma center >25 miles
Traffic/road conditions decrease efficiency/timeliness
Mass-casualty incident

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15
Q

Type of velocity a handgun can penetrate

A

Medium-velocity penetrating injuries may be caused by what type of weapon

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16
Q

Compression injury due to motor vehicle collision example

A

Passenger’s head hits windshield, brain continues to move forward until it strikes the inside of the skull, resulting in what type of injury?

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17
Q

The most common cause of death from a blast injury

A

Head trauma is the most common cause of what type of injury?

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18
Q

Airbags decrease injury to which body parts?

A

The chest, face, and head can be protected in a vehicle collision by what item?

19
Q

What type of impacts are commonly referred to as T-bone crashes?

A

Lateral impacts are commonly referred to as what types of crashes?

20
Q

What is the most common life-threatening event in a rollover

A

Ejection or partial ejection of the passenger from the vehicle in a rollover is what kind of event?

21
Q

Types of impact associated with a motorcycle crash

A

Head-on
Controlled
Ejection

22
Q

Pulmonary blast injury symptoms

A

Chest tightness
Coughing up blood
Subcutaneous emphysema
(following an explosion)

23
Q

Open neck wound symptoms

A

Significant bleeding
Air embolism
Subcutaneous crepitation

24
Q
  • Mass (weight) doubles = _______

- Velocity (speed) doubles = ________

A
  • _______ = Energy that causes injury doubles

- _______ = Energy that causes injury quadruples

25
Q

Whiplash-type injuries are caused by what type of impacts?

A

Rear-end impacts cause what type of injuries?

26
Q

A compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching of the posterior portion

A

Coup-contrecoup

27
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air collecting between the lung tissue and chest wall

28
Q

Formula for calculating kinetic energy

A

KE = 1/2mv^2

Kinetic Energy = half of mass by velocity squared

29
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) uses what to rate a patient’s LOC?

A

Assessment of…
Eye-opening
Verbal response
Motor response

30
Q

Platinum 10

A

Limited on-scene time for patients with multisystem trauma

31
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

Inertia and mass…
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

32
Q

Medical emergency

A

Illness or condition not caused by an outside force

33
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

Acceleration…
The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

34
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Action and reaction…

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

35
Q

Trajectory

A

Path a projectile takes once it is propelled

36
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Impact on the body without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities

37
Q

Drag

A

Resistance that slows a projectile

38
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum

39
Q

Revised Trauma Score (RTS)

A

Scoring system used for patients with head trauma

40
Q

Trauma score

A

Score that incorporates GCS score, respiratory rate, respiratory expansion, systolic BP and capillary refill.

41
Q

Potential energy

A

Product of mass (weight), force of gravity, and height, mostly associated with the energy for the falling object

42
Q

Factors to consider when evaluating a fall

A

Height of fall
Surface struck
Party of body hit first, followed by path of energy displacement

43
Q

Information gathered when determining the MOI of a motorcycle crash

A

Motorcycle deformity
Side of most damage
Distance of road skid
Deformity of stationary objects/other vehicles
Extent and location of deformity in helmet

44
Q

Level I Trauma center

A

Comprehensive regional resource that is a tertiary care facility; capable of providing total care for every aspect of injury from prevention to rehabilitation.