Ch 20: Emergency Preparedness, Toxicology & Antidotes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch 20: Emergency Preparedness, Toxicology & Antidotes Deck (18)
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1
Q

True or False: Children are the most common victims of accidental poisoning in the US.

A

True

2
Q

Common child-resistant (C-R) packaging includes screw caps that require more than a simple turn to open as well as _______.

A

Unit-dose packaging

3
Q

For a topical exposure, remove any contaminated clothing and run water over the skin for __ minutes.

A

10

4
Q

For ocular exposure, remove contact lenses and rinse eye(s) with water from tap or hose with a gentle stream for at least __ minutes.

A

15

5
Q

True or False: With oral ingestion, remove anything in the mouth and collect any suspect containers/emesis to bring to the emergency department.

A

True

6
Q

What should be the first steps taken if overdose is suspected?

A

Contact emergency help (911) and assess ABCs (Airway, Breathing, and Circulation)

7
Q

_____ is the mainstay of caring for overdose patients until the medications are cleared by the body.

A

Supportive Care

8
Q

Activated charcoal can be used for specific types of orally ingested drugs and is an early step in some overdose protocols. Activated charcoal needs to be given quickly and is most effected when used within ___ of ingestion.

A

One hour

9
Q

Activated charcoal absorbs the drug, which prevents GI absorption and systemic toxicity. The dose of active charcoal is ____. Typically only one dose is administered.

A

1 g/kg

10
Q

Hepatotoxicity is a dose dependent adverse effect of acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is usually metabolized to a sulfate moiety or glucuronide moiety. However, there is increased metabolism through CYP2E1 to the toxic metabolite called _____.

A

NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine)

11
Q

_____ is what neutralizes the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen (NAPQI). However, it gets depleted during an acetaminophen toxicity, which is why a treatment is required.

A

Glutathione

12
Q

There are 4 phases of acetaminophen overdose presentation. During the first phase (____ hours), the patient is commonly asymptomatic or experiencing nonspecific symptoms (N/V, sweating, general discomfort, pale color) and LFTs may be normal.

A

During the first 1-24 hours

13
Q

During phase 2 of acetaminophen overdose presentation (hours __-__), laboratory evidence of hepatotoxicity present.

A

Hours 24-48

14
Q

During phase ___ of acetaminophen overdose presentation, there is fulminant hepatic failure (e.g. jaundice, encephalopathy, coagulopathy , hepato-renal syndrome, etc.)

A

Phase 3

15
Q

The treatment for acetaminophen toxicity is ________.

A

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

16
Q

N-acetylcysteine is available in oral and IV formulation (used if patient is unconscious). The oral dose is _____, and should be repeated if emesis occurs within 1 hour of administration.

A

140 mg/kg x1, followed by 70 mg/kg every 4 hours x17 additional doses.

17
Q

______ is used for an opioid overdose.

A

Naloxone

18
Q

For anticholinergic drug overdose, such as atropine, diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), jimsyn weed, scopolamine, the treatment is supportive care combined with which medication?

A. Glucagon
B. Physostigmine
C. Flumazenil
D. Vitamin K
E. Hydroxocobalamin
F. Thiamine
G. Fomepizole
H. Dimercaprol
A

B. Physostigmine