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A&P Exam 1 > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium ion

A

Most extracellular cation (+)

Most important in osmotic movement of water

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2
Q

Magnesium ion

A

Required for ATP

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3
Q

Chloride ion

A

Component of stomach acid

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4
Q

Potassium ion

A

Most common intercellular cation (+)

Function in pH balance

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5
Q

Calcium ion

A

Hardness of bone and teeth

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6
Q

Acid

A

Releases protons in solution

Dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion

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7
Q

Base

A

Accepts protons or releases OH- into a solution

Decreases concentration of free H+

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8
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical system that resists drastic changes in pH

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9
Q

Neutrons

A

Mass of one atomic mass unit (amu)

No charge

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10
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom of the element

Located above symbol name

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11
Q

Average atomic mass

A

Mass of protons and neutrons

Shown below elements symbol on the table

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12
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atoms of the same element

Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons

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13
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Contain excess neutrons, unstable

Lose nuclear components in the form of high energy radiation

  • alpha particles
  • beta particles
  • gamma rays
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14
Q

Ionic compound

A

Composed of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds

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15
Q

Cation

A

Positive charge

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16
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge

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17
Q

Function of water

A

Transport
Lubricate
Cushion
Excrete wastes

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18
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding

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19
Q

Surface tension

A

Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water

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20
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water

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21
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance

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22
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy required to increase temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree

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23
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Heat required for release of molecules from liquid to gas

Water value high because of hydrogen bonding

Sweating cools body

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24
Q

Solvent

A

Water

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25
Q

Solute

A

Substances that dissolve in water

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26
Q

Solution

A

Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another

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27
Q

Suspension

A

Substance is not dissolved and settles out unless mixture is constantly shaken

Ex sand in water

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28
Q

Colloid

A

Substance does not dissolve but remains evenly distributed

Ex blood plasma

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29
Q

Organic molecules

A

Contain carbon

Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Proteins

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30
Q

Four classes of lipids

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

Eicosanoids

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31
Q

Lipids

A

Not polymers

Not water soluble

Function as stored energy, cellular membrane components, hormones

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32
Q

Triglycerides

A

Most common form of lipid

Long term energy storage in adipose tissue

Structural support, cushioning, insulation

Made up of fatty acids

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33
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Lipogenesis

Lipolysis

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34
Q

Lipogenesis

A

Formation of triglycerides when conditions of excess nutrients exist

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35
Q

Lipolysis

A

Breakdown of triglycerides when nutrients are needed

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36
Q

Steroids

A

Cholesterol (animal plasma, steroid synthesis)

Steroid hormones

Bile salts

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37
Q

Glucose

A

Monosaccharide

Primary nutrient supplying energy to cells

Concentration must carefully maintained

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38
Q

Glycogen

A

When our bodies need glucose the pancreas secreted glucagon which signals the liver to breakdown the glycogen and release it into the blood glucose

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39
Q

Cellulose

A

Source of fiber

Not digestible

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40
Q

Disaccharide

A

Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

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41
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Glycogen: animals

Starch and cellulose: plants

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42
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Store and transfer genetic info

DNA and RNA

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43
Q

Nucleotide

A

Sugar

Phosphate group

Nitrogenous base

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44
Q

Proteins

A

Catalysts

Act as defense

Transport

Support

Movement

Regulation

Storage

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45
Q

Primary structure

A

Linear sequence of amino acids

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46
Q

Conformation

A

3D shape of protein

Crucial for protein function

Dependent upon interactions between amino acids for proper folding and maintains conformation

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47
Q

Acid

A

Releases protons in solution

Dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion

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48
Q

Base

A

Accepts protons or releases OH- into a solution

Decreases concentration of free H+

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49
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical system that resists drastic changes in pH

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50
Q

Neutrons

A

Mass of one atomic mass unit (amu)

No charge

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51
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom of the element

Located above symbol name

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52
Q

Average atomic mass

A

Mass of protons and neutrons

Shown below elements symbol on the table

53
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atoms of the same element

Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons

54
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Contain excess neutrons, unstable

Lose nuclear components in the form of high energy radiation

  • alpha particles
  • beta particles
  • gamma rays
55
Q

Ionic compound

A

Composed of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds

56
Q

Cation

A

Positive charge

57
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge

58
Q

Function of water

A

Transport
Lubricate
Cushion
Excrete wastes

59
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding

60
Q

Surface tension

A

Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water

61
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water

62
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance

63
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy required to increase temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree

64
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Heat required for release of molecules from liquid to gas

Water value high because of hydrogen bonding

Sweating cools body

65
Q

Solvent

A

Water

66
Q

Solute

A

Substances that dissolve in water

67
Q

Solution

A

Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another

68
Q

Suspension

A

Substance is not dissolved and settles out unless mixture is constantly shaken

Ex sand in water

69
Q

Colloid

A

Substance does not dissolve but remains evenly distributed

Ex blood plasma

70
Q

Organic molecules

A

Contain carbon

Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Proteins

71
Q

Four classes of lipids

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

Eicosanoids

72
Q

Lipids

A

Not polymers

Not water soluble

Function as stored energy, cellular membrane components, hormones

73
Q

Triglycerides

A

Most common form of lipid

Long term energy storage in adipose tissue

Structural support, cushioning, insulation

Made up of fatty acids

74
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Lipogenesis

Lipolysis

75
Q

Lipogenesis

A

Formation of triglycerides when conditions of excess nutrients exist

76
Q

Lipolysis

A

Breakdown of triglycerides when nutrients are needed

77
Q

Steroids

A

Cholesterol (animal plasma, steroid synthesis)

Steroid hormones

Bile salts

78
Q

Glucose

A

Monosaccharide

Primary nutrient supplying energy to cells

Concentration must carefully maintained

79
Q

Glycogen

A

When our bodies need glucose the pancreas secreted glucagon which signals the liver to breakdown the glycogen and release it into the blood glucose

80
Q

Cellulose

A

Source of fiber

Not digestible

81
Q

Disaccharide

A

Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

82
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Glycogen: animals

Starch and cellulose: plants

83
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Store and transfer genetic info

DNA and RNA

84
Q

Nucleotide

A

Sugar

Phosphate group

Nitrogenous base

85
Q

Proteins

A

Catalysts

Act as defense

Transport

Support

Movement

Regulation

Storage

86
Q

Primary structure

A

Linear sequence of amino acids

87
Q

Conformation

A

3D shape of protein

Crucial for protein function

Dependent upon interactions between amino acids for proper folding and maintains conformation

88
Q

Acid

A

Releases protons in solution

Dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion

89
Q

Base

A

Accepts protons or releases OH- into a solution

Decreases concentration of free H+

90
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical system that resists drastic changes in pH

91
Q

Neutrons

A

Mass of one atomic mass unit (amu)

No charge

92
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom of the element

Located above symbol name

93
Q

Average atomic mass

A

Mass of protons and neutrons

Shown below elements symbol on the table

94
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atoms of the same element

Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons

95
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Contain excess neutrons, unstable

Lose nuclear components in the form of high energy radiation

  • alpha particles
  • beta particles
  • gamma rays
96
Q

Ionic compound

A

Composed of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds

97
Q

Cation

A

Positive charge

98
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge

99
Q

Function of water

A

Transport
Lubricate
Cushion
Excrete wastes

100
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding

101
Q

Surface tension

A

Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water

102
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water

103
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance

104
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy required to increase temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree

105
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Heat required for release of molecules from liquid to gas

Water value high because of hydrogen bonding

Sweating cools body

106
Q

Solvent

A

Water

107
Q

Solute

A

Substances that dissolve in water

108
Q

Solution

A

Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another

109
Q

Suspension

A

Substance is not dissolved and settles out unless mixture is constantly shaken

Ex sand in water

110
Q

Colloid

A

Substance does not dissolve but remains evenly distributed

Ex blood plasma

111
Q

Organic molecules

A

Contain carbon

Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Proteins

112
Q

Four classes of lipids

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

Eicosanoids

113
Q

Lipids

A

Not polymers

Not water soluble

Function as stored energy, cellular membrane components, hormones

114
Q

Triglycerides

A

Most common form of lipid

Long term energy storage in adipose tissue

Structural support, cushioning, insulation

Made up of fatty acids

115
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Lipogenesis

Lipolysis

116
Q

Lipogenesis

A

Formation of triglycerides when conditions of excess nutrients exist

117
Q

Lipolysis

A

Breakdown of triglycerides when nutrients are needed

118
Q

Steroids

A

Cholesterol (animal plasma, steroid synthesis)

Steroid hormones

Bile salts

119
Q

Glucose

A

Monosaccharide

Primary nutrient supplying energy to cells

Concentration must carefully maintained

120
Q

Glycogen

A

When our bodies need glucose the pancreas secreted glucagon which signals the liver to breakdown the glycogen and release it into the blood glucose

121
Q

Cellulose

A

Source of fiber

Not digestible

122
Q

Disaccharide

A

Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

123
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Glycogen: animals

Starch and cellulose: plants

124
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Store and transfer genetic info

DNA and RNA

125
Q

Nucleotide

A

Sugar

Phosphate group

Nitrogenous base

126
Q

Proteins

A

Catalysts

Act as defense

Transport

Support

Movement

Regulation

Storage

127
Q

Primary structure

A

Linear sequence of amino acids

128
Q

Conformation

A

3D shape of protein

Crucial for protein function

Dependent upon interactions between amino acids for proper folding and maintains conformation

A&P Exam 1 (6 decks)

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