Ch. 18 - Positive Punishment Procedures and the Ethics of Punishment Flashcards Preview

J - PSYCO 282 (1/2) > Ch. 18 - Positive Punishment Procedures and the Ethics of Punishment > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 18 - Positive Punishment Procedures and the Ethics of Punishment Deck (21)
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1
Q

What are aversive activities?

A

Low-probability behaviours that the person typically would not choose to engage in.

2
Q

What is the application of aversive activities based on?

A

The Premack principle.

3
Q

How does the Premack principle explain the application of aversive activities?

A

When the requirement to engage in a low-probability behaviour (the aversive activity) is made contingent on the occurrence of a high-probability behaviour (the problem behaviour), the high-probability behaviour will decrease in the future.

4
Q

What is often necessary when a subject tries to escape from aversive activities?

A

Physical guidance.

5
Q

What is overcorrection?

A

A procedure developed to decrease aggressive and disruptive behaviours exhibited by people with intellectual disabilities. It involves the client engaging in an effortful behaviour for an extended period.

6
Q

What are the two types of overcorrection?

A

Positive practice and restitution.

7
Q

What is positive practice?

A

A form of overcorrection that involves the client engaging in correct forms of relevant behaviour.

8
Q

What is restitution?

A

A form of overcorrection that involves the client correcting the environmental effects of the problem behaviour and restoring the environment to a condition better than that which existed before the problem behaviour.

9
Q

What is contingent exercise?

A

A positive punishment procedure involving the application of aversive activities; the client is made to engage in a form of physical exercise that is not related to the problem behaviour.

10
Q

How does contingent exercise differ from overcorrection?

A

The activity is not related to the problem behaviour in contingent exercises.

11
Q

What is guided compliance?

A

Where the person is physically guided through the requested activity.

12
Q

When is guided compliance withdrawn?

A

If the person begins to comply midway through the guidance.

13
Q

When is guided compliance used?

A

If the physical guidance acts as a positive punishment and negatively reinforces compliance.

14
Q

What is physical restraint?

A

The change agent holds mobile the part of the client’s body that is involved in the behaviour.

15
Q

What is response blocking?

A

A variation of physical restraint in which the change agent prevents the occurrence of the problem behaviour entirely.

16
Q

What are 4 cautions of the application of aversive activities?

A

They should only be used when the change agent can provide physical guidance, the change agent must anticipate that the client may resist, the change agent must be certain that the guidance is not reinforcing the client, and the change agent must be certain that the procedure will bring no harm.

17
Q

What is face-screening?

A

When a cloth or the change agent’s hand is used to cover the subject’s face, contingent on the occurrence of the problem behaviour.

18
Q

What are 6 considerations when using positive punishment?

A

Use functional interventions first, implement differential reinforcement alongside punishment, consider the function of the problem behaviour, choose the aversive stimulus with care, collect data to make treatment decisions, and address the ethical considerations.

19
Q

What is another term for punishment?

A

Restrictive procedures.

20
Q

What are 8 ethical considerations of punishment?

A

Informed consent, alternative treatments, recipient safety, problem severity, implementation guidelines, training and supervision, peer review, and accountability in order to prevent misuse/overuse.

21
Q

How is accountability held?

A

Data must be frequently reviewed and the change agent should experience the aversive stimulus themselves.