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Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE > CH. 17 Blood > Flashcards

CH. 17 Blood Flashcards

Blood

1
Q

_____ is the life-sustaining transport vehicle of the cardiovascular system

A

Blood

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2
Q

“abnormally low O2 carrying capacity” This describes which blood condition?

A

Anemia

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3
Q

What are the causes of anemia?

A

Blood loss, not enough RBC’s produced, or too many RBC’s are being destroyed

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4
Q

Having a low O2 carrying capacity causes the body to be unable to support a normal _________

A

Metabolism

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5
Q

Shivering, hard to breathe, pale, and lethargy. These are symptoms of ________

A

anemia

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6
Q

Blood loss is also called ______ _______

A

hemorrhagic anemia

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7
Q

What is the treatment for hemorrhagic anemia?

A

Blood transfusion

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8
Q

If too many of your RBC’s are being destroyed, you can suffer from _______

A

anemia

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9
Q

Iron deficiency can be caused by three reasons. What are they?

A

Hemorrhagic anemia, low iron intake, or impaired absorption

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10
Q

When looking at a blood slide, what indicates there is an iron deficiency? and what is the name associated?

A

When looking at the RBC’s, smaller ones lack iron and are called Microcytes

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11
Q

What is the autoimmune disease called that destroys the stomach mucosa needed to produce intrinsic factor?

A

Pernicious anemia

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12
Q

Pernicious anemia is an ________ disease that destroys stomach mucosa which produces ____ ____, a type of protein

A

Autoimmune; intrinsic factor

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13
Q

What protein is needed to help absorb B12?

A

Intrinsic factor

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14
Q

What is needed to help RBC’s divide?

A

Vitamin B12

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15
Q

When looking at a blood slide, what indicates pernicious anemia? What is the name associated with what you’re looking at?

A

Pernicious anemia is verified by seeing large RBC’s called Macrocytes.

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16
Q

If pernicious anemia causes B12 to not be absorbed, which means the RBC’s cannot divide, will you see larger or smaller RBC’s on a blood slide?

A

Larger. RBC’s will develop but cannot divide and complete the stages

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17
Q

_____ anemia is caused by a lack of EPO

A

Renal (renal=kidney)

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18
Q

What is the treatment for renal anemia? What does EPO do?

A

Introduce synthetic EPO to stimulate red bone marrow to produce more RBC’s

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19
Q

______ anemia is the destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

A

Aplastic

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20
Q

_____ anemia has an unknown cause, but is thought to be caused by drugs, ______, radiation, or ________

A

Aplastic; chemicals or viruses

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21
Q

With Aplastic anemia, all _____ _____ cell lines are affected because the red bone marrow is affected

A

Formed elements

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22
Q

Aplastic anemia, along with being anemic in general, results in _______ as well as immunity defects

A

Clotting

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23
Q

What is the treatment for Aplastic Anemia? Short term

A

Transfusions

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24
Q

What is the treatment for Aplastic anemia? Long term.

A

Transfusions and transplanted stem cells

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25
Q

“Premature lysis of RBC’s” means……

A

The cells are destroyed or ruptured

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26
Q

How do incompatible transfusions and infections react with RBC’s?

A

Destroys them

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27
Q

_______ is typically found in people of mediterranean ancestry

A

Thalassemia

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28
Q

In ______, one globin chain is absent or faulty. With one less available to carry oxygen, this causes thin and delicate RBC’s that are deficient in _______

A

Thalassemia; hemoglobin

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29
Q

In thalassemia, what causes the hemoglobin deficient, thin and delicate RBC’s associated with the condition?

A

The absence of one globin chain.

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30
Q

What happens to the shape of RBC’s with Thalassemia?

A

They become malformed

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31
Q

Only one amino acid is wrong in a globin chain of 146 amino acids…..this describes which anemia?

A

Sickle-cell

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32
Q

Sickle-cell anemia causes sickle-shaped blood cells. These cells rupture easily and also _______ small vessels

A

Block

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33
Q

The result of easily ruptured RBC’s and blocked vessels causes what in sickle-cell anemia?

A

Poor O2 delivery and pain at block site

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34
Q

With ___________, the red bone marrow tries to produce more RBC’s but cannot keep up, this causes improper growth and pain. Poor O2 delivery results in organ damage and strokes

A

Sickle-cell anemia

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35
Q

Sickle-cell anemia is prevalent in _____ people of the _____ malarial belt

A

black people; Africa

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36
Q

If you have sickle-cell anemia, you are protected against ______

A

malaria

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37
Q

How many people does Malaria kill each year?

A

One million

38
Q

Treatment for sickle cell?

A

Transfusions

39
Q

Is sickle cell genetic?

A

Yes

40
Q

An abnormal amount of excess RBC’s is called ______

A

Polycythemia

41
Q

Excess RBC’s increases what?

A

Blood viscosity

42
Q

______ ______ is a bone marrow cancer leading to excess RBC’s

A

Polycythemia vers

43
Q

With ______ ____, your hematocrit can go up to as high as _____ percent

A

80

44
Q

What is the treatment for polycythemia vera?

A

Therapeutic phlebotomy

45
Q

______ ______ is caused by low O2 levels or increased EPO production

A

secondary polycythemia

46
Q

What is blood doping? Who does it?

A

Athletes remove, store, and re-infuse RBC’s before an event to increase O2 levels for stamina

47
Q

Blood ________, _______, and ________

A

Transports, regulates, and protects

48
Q

Regulation functions of the blood include:

A

Maintaining normal pH and maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

49
Q

“Preventing blood loss” is a ______ function of blood

A

protection

50
Q

______ is the only fluid tissue in the body that is also a connective tissue

A

Blood

51
Q

The matrix of blood is called ______

A

plasma

52
Q

Is plasma living or non living?

A

Non living

53
Q

Protection functions of the blood include preventing _______. Agents of immunity are carried in the blood

A

infection

54
Q

Which cells in the blood protect against infection?

A

WBC’s (leukocytes)

55
Q

Formed elements are:

A

Living cells: Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

56
Q

Cells are suspended in _______

A

plasma

57
Q

_____ is sticky, opaque, and has a metallic taste

A

Blood

58
Q

Plasma is ___ percent of whole blood

A

55%

59
Q

The buffy coat, less than 1% per ul, contains the ______ and ______

A

Leukocytes and platelets

60
Q

Plasma is the ____ dense component

A

least

61
Q

_______ are 45% of blood per ul

A

Erythrocytes

62
Q

______ are the most dense component of blood

A

Erythrocytes (RBCS)

63
Q

The color of blood varies with _____ content

A

O2

64
Q

What is the pH range of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

65
Q

_____ makes up ~8% of body weight

A

Blood

66
Q

Blood plasma is ____ colored, sticky, and about ____ percent water

A

straw; 90%

67
Q

Blood plasma contains over 100 _______ solutes including nutrients, hormones, waste, and inorganic ions (electrolytes)

A

dissolved

68
Q

What contains over 100 solvents including nutrients, hormones, waste matter, and inorganic ions?

A

Blood plasma

69
Q

Is blood plasma 90% water or 50%?

A

90%

70
Q

Per ul of blood, what makes up 55% and what makes up 45%?

A

55%: plasma. 45%: RBC

71
Q

The most dense component of blood is _____

A

Erythrocytes

72
Q

<1% of blood per ul contains:

A

Leukocytes and platelets

73
Q

60% of the plasma proteins is _____

A

Albumin

74
Q

35% of the plasma protein are _____

A

Globulins

75
Q

______, which function in blood clotting, make up 4% of the plasma proteins found in blood plasma

A

Fibrinogens

76
Q

Only _______ are complete cells within the formed elements

A

WBC’s

77
Q

Most ______ _____ survive in blood stream for only a few days

A

formed elements

78
Q

Most blood cells originate in ____ ____ and do not divide

A

Bone marrow

79
Q

_____ are small-diameter cells that contribute to gas transport

A

Erythrocytes

80
Q

Erythrocytes are filled with ______ to help with gas transport

A

Hemoglobin

81
Q

What makes blood red?

A

Hemoglobin

82
Q

Each Hb Molecule can transport ____ O2 molecules

A

Four

83
Q

Each RBC contains how many Hb molecules?

A

250million

84
Q

________ is the formation of all blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

85
Q

Hematopoiesis occurs where?

A

in the red bone marrow

86
Q

Hemocytoblasts are also called

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

87
Q

Erythropoiesis, the process of formation of RBC’s, takes about ____ days

A

15

88
Q

Too few RBC’s lead to tissue _____

A

hypoxia

89
Q

Dietary requirements for _______ include amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates

A

Erythropoiesis

90
Q

Vitamin b12 and folic acid are necessary for what?

A

DNA synthesis for rapidly dividing cells such as developing RBC’s

91
Q

Name the three steps involved in hemostasis

A
  1. Vascular Spasm
  2. platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation

Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE (18 decks)

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