Ch. 16 - Nutrition

Question 1

What is the function of vitamin A (retinol)?

Answer 1

Epithelial development, differentiation and maintenance, growth and remodeling of bone

Question 2

What does a deficiency in Vitamin A cause?

Answer 2

• Night blindness
• Xerophthalmia (ocular tissue keratinization)
• Dry skin
• Enamel irregularities

Question 3

What is the function of vitamin D (calciferol)?

Answer 3

• Growth and mineralization of bone and teeth

Question 4

What does a vitamin D deficiency produce?

Answer 4

• Rickets (children)
• Osteomalacia (adults)

Question 5

What is the most toxic and the least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 5

Most - Vitamin D (calciferol)

Least - Vitamin E (tocopherol)

Question 6

What is the function of vitamin E (tocopherol)?

Answer 6

• Antioxidant - prevents free radical formation

Question 7

What does a deficiency in vitamin E produce?

Answer 7

• Neurologic dysfunction (premature infants)

Question 8

What is the function of vitamin K?

Answer 8

Activation of prothrombin and vitamin K- dependent clotting factors (2,7,9,10)

Question 9

What does a deficiency in vitamin K produce?

Answer 9

Diminished blood clotting

Question 10

Warfarin has a negative effect on which fat-soluble vitamin?

Answer 10

Vitamin K - it blocks the hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (2,7,9,10)

Question 11

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 11

• B1 thiamine
• B2 riboflavin
• B3 niacin
• B5 pantothenic acid
• B6 pyridoxine
• B12 cobalamine
• Folic acid (B9)

Question 12

What is the function of vitamin B1 thiamine?

Answer 12

Metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids, decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids

Question 13

What would a deficiency in vitamin B1 thiamine produce?

Answer 13

• Beriberi - peripheral nerve damage
• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - CND damage

Question 14

What vitamin is associated with a component of FAD and FMN antioxidant?

Answer 14

Vitamin B2 riboflavin

Question 15

What vitamin is a component of NAD and NADP?

Answer 15

Niacin Vitamin B3

Question 16

What are the symptoms of vitamin B3 niacin deficiency?

Answer 16

• Pellagra: “3 D’s”
  
  • Dementia
  • Dermatitis
  • Diarrhea

Question 17

Which water-soluble vitamin is formed from tryptophan?

Answer 17

Niacin B3

Question 18

Which vitamin is a precursor of pyridoxal phosphate (coenzyme in transamination reactions)?

Answer 18

B6 pyridoxine

Question 19

Which vitamin converts methylmalonyl CoA to succinly CoA?

Answer 19

Vitamin B12 cobalamin

Question 20

Intrinsic Factor needs which vitamin for GI absorption?

Answer 20

B12 cobalamin

Question 21

What does a deficiency in vitamin B12 produce?

Answer 21

Pernicious anemia

Question 22

What vitamin is needed for the synthesis of purines and thymidine?

Answer 22

Folic Acid B9

Question 23

What does a deficiency in folic acid produce?

Answer 23

Megaloblastic anemia & glossitis

Question 24

What is the most common vitamin deficiency in the U.S.?

Answer 24

Folic Acid - B9

Question 25

What does a deficiency in vitamin C produce?

Answer 25

Scurvy - delayed wound healing, poor bone matrix formation

Question 26

What is the function of Biotin B7 (vitamin H)?

Answer 26

Converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in fatty acid synthesis

Question 27

What minerals are the most lacking in the average American diet?

Answer 27

Calcium and Iron

Question 28

What does a deficiency in iodine produce?

Answer 28

• Cretinism (kids)
• Myxedema (adults)

Question 29

What transports copper and iron in blood plasma?

Answer 29

Transferrin

Question 30

What form of iron is absorbed and stored?

Answer 30

• Absorbed - Fe2+ ferrous
• Stored - Fe3+ ferric