Ch. 15- Religion Flashcards Preview

Intro to Sociology > Ch. 15- Religion > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 15- Religion Deck (32)
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1
Q

Culture wars

A

Tensions over religious and sacred values that have arisen as a result of efforts to separate church and state (e.g.: abortion debate, typically framed with religious values on one side and secular values on the other.)

2
Q

Religion

A

a system of beliefs and practices that has a particular kind of content, usually a God or supernatural force.

3
Q

Protestant ethics

A

the belief that wordly successes stemming from individual responsibility and a compulsion to save and invest are a God’s favor.

4
Q

Disenchantment

A

a process in which previously religious concepts, values and ideals become detached from their religious roots and secularized (e.g. Protestant Ethic).

5
Q

Secularization

A

the declining significance of religion in social institutions, culture, and individual experience.

6
Q

Rational Choice Theory

A

a theory that maintains that human beings are rational, calculating individuals who act so as to maximize their benefits while minimizing their costs.

7
Q

Religiosity

A

the amount of “religiousness” in society, usually measured by such variables as attendance of religious services, church membership, individual (financial) contributions to a church or religious institution, and belief in God.

8
Q

Expressive individualism

A

a term relating to the increased emphasis since 1960s (in both the secular and the religious contest) on the pursuit of a free, gratified, and fulfilled self.

9
Q

Ethnography

A

a research method that involves immersing oneself in a natural research setting in order to develop an understanding of people, culture, and society being studied.

10
Q

New Age

A

an umbrella term that covers a mix of beliefs, practices, and ways of life, all of which share the elements of “self-spirituality”; emphasize making contact with the innate spirituality in people and shifting from a contaminated, artificial sense of being (brought about by socialization) to one representing pure and authentic nature.

11
Q

Gemeinschaft

A

a term used to describe societies that have a strong feeling of cohesiveness.; is thought to be characteristic of premodern societies.

12
Q

Gesellschaft

A

a term describing relations characterized by individualism and impersonal connections between people.; arose in opposition to Gemeinschaft as a result of urbanization.

13
Q

Anomie

A

a term referring to lack of cohesion and loss of shared norms and values in society.

14
Q

Civil religion

A

societal practices reflecting a close association of religion and politics whereby the nation becomes a sacred entity, with its own sacred symbols and ceremonies.

15
Q

Deprivatization

A

the process by which religion has re-emerged from the private sphere.

16
Q

Dedifferentiation

A

Reversal of the trend toward increasing differentiation into specialized religious institutions that were thought to be aspects of modernization

17
Q

What is

Tensions over religious and sacred values that have arisen as a result of efforts to separate church and state (e.g.: abortion debate, typically framed with religious values on one side and secular values on the other.)

A

Culture wars

18
Q

What is

a system of beliefs and practices that has a particular kind of content, usually a God or supernatural force.

A

Religion

19
Q

What is

the belief that wordly successes stemming from individual responsibility and a compulsion to save and invest are a God’s favor.

A

Protestant ethics

20
Q

What is

a process in which previously religious concepts, values and ideals become detached from their religious roots and secularized (e.g. Protestant Ethic).

A

Disenchantment

21
Q

What is

the declining significance of religion in social institutions, culture, and individual experience.

A

Secularization

22
Q

What is

a theory that maintains that human beings are rational, calculating individuals who act so as to maximize their benefits while minimizing their costs.

A

Rational Choice Theory

23
Q

What is

the amount of “religiousness” in society, usually measured by such variables as attendance of religious services, church membership, individual (financial) contributions to a church or religious institution, and belief in God.

A

Religiosity

24
Q

What is

a term relating to the increased emphasis since 1960s (in both the secular and the religious contest) on the pursuit of a free, gratified, and fulfilled self.

A

Expressive individualism

25
Q

What is

a research method that involves immersing oneself in a natural research setting in order to develop an understanding of people, culture, and society being studied.

A

Ethnography

26
Q

What is

an umbrella term that covers a mix of beliefs, practices, and ways of life, all of which share the elements of “self-spirituality”; emphasize making contact with the innate spirituality in people and shifting from a contaminated, artificial sense of being (brought about by socialization) to one representing pure and authentic nature.

A

New Age

27
Q

What is

a term used to describe societies that have a strong feeling of cohesiveness.; is thought to be characteristic of premodern societies.

A

Gemeinschaft

28
Q

What is

a term describing relations characterized by individualism and impersonal connections between people.; arose in opposition to Gemeinschaft as a result of urbanization.

A

Gesellschaft

29
Q

What is

a term referring to lack of cohesion and loss of shared norms and values in society.

A

Anomie

30
Q

What is

societal practices reflecting a close association of religion and politics whereby the nation becomes a sacred entity, with its own sacred symbols and ceremonies.

A

Civil religion

31
Q

What is

the process by which religion has re-emerged from the private sphere.

A

Deprivatization

32
Q

What is

Reversal of the trend toward increasing differentiation into specialized religious institutions that were thought to be aspects of modernization

A

Dedifferentiation