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SOC 101 > Ch. 14 Sociology of Religion > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Sociology of Religion Flashcards

1
Q

those who do not believe in any god

A

atheists

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2
Q

those who do not believe that god’s existence or nonexistence is knowable

A

agnostic

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3
Q

belief in the existence of a supernatural or supreme being, but rejection of the view that this supreme being actively intervenes in human affairs

A

deism

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4
Q

official beliefs and rules of a particular religion or social and political group

A

doctrine

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5
Q

holy

A

sacred

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6
Q

attributed to a force or entity beyond scientific understanding and the laws of nature

A

supernatural

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7
Q

set of ideas that constitutes one’s goals, expectations, and actions

A

ideology

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8
Q

the sacred beliefs, practices, and symbols associated with a particular nation-state or community

A

civil region

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9
Q

absence of religion

A

irreligion

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10
Q

combining religious ideas and practices drawn from more than one distinct tradition

A

syncretic

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11
Q

the belief that a supernatural power organizes all plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena and that the universe itself along with all of these objects has a soul or spiritual essence

A

animism

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12
Q

religions that generally envision a set of gods and attendants who rule the world

A

paganism

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13
Q

religions that worship more than one entity or god

A

polytheistic

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14
Q

discussions and systematic reasoning about god and other religious matters

A

theology

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15
Q

structured and enduring practices of human life that are built around well-established rules and norms or are centered in important organizations like the government, legal courts, etc.

A

institutions

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16
Q

the coexistence of individuals and religious groups with significantly different beliefs and cultures in the same society

A

pluralism

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17
Q

an organized branch of a larger religious tradition

A

denominations

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18
Q

individual Protestant churches which average over 2,000 people in attendance at weekly services

A

megachurch

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19
Q

a specific religious body that meets regularly

A

congregation

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20
Q

How does Emile Durkheim define religion?

A

the way that societies deal with things that are sacred

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21
Q

Roman Catholics, Baptists, and Evangelicals are examples of how different __________ can constitute one religion; in this case __________.

A

denominations; Christianity

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22
Q

In high school Jordan studied Greek mythology. His class learned about gods, goddesses, and other divine figures prominent in the belief system, including Hades, Aphrodite, Zeus, and Hera. What type of religion of this?

A

polytheistic

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23
Q

Why was America’s early commitment to religious pluralism so important and so unique?

A

At the time, church and state were not separated in most other countries

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24
Q

Why are denominations important for sociologists?

A

They are responsible for much of the organization in so-called organized religion

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25
Q

a strain of theology first associated with Latin American Catholicism that emphasizes god’s concern for the poor and downtrodden and the rightness of social justice causes

A

liberation theology

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26
Q

the importance of religion in an individual’s life

A

religiosity

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27
Q

a justification of the goodness and rightness of god, or more generally of a particular religious system, in the face of the evils of the world

A

theodicy

28
Q

someone who believes in salvation through personal conversion

A

evangelical

29
Q

a religious group that emerges independently of existing religious traditions or makes significant revisions and additions to them

A

new religious movements

30
Q

What is one benefit of a segregated church?

A

The church provides a safe haven for the segregated and their families and can focus on issues unique to the segregated group

31
Q

Generally, historically black churches emphasize what type of theology?

A

liberation theology

32
Q

What system did Max Weber call one of the most logically consistent theodicies ever invented?

A

the Hindu caste system

33
Q

As a child and teenager Kevin was involved in the Congregational church, a Protestant denomination, that his parents were members of. As an adult, which of the following religious groups is Kevin most likely to convert to?

A

Baptist

34
Q

An irreligious person would be most likely to join a new religious movement in order to __________.

A

Satisfy a desire for spiritual connection

35
Q

Sally is a sociologist who is interested in studying religiosity in different age cohorts. She plans to conduct a survey that asks a representative sample of Americans from ages 13-70 about their religiosity. According to the findings of past research on religiosity and age, in which age group would she most likely find the lowest levels of religiosity?

A

Young adults around the ages of 18-25

36
Q

Muslim girls and boys are valued differently. How is this evident early on in their lives?

A

Boys are trained to memorize the Koran and girls are not.

37
Q

Which of the following is arguably the most gender egalitarian religion for practitioners?

A

Protestantism

38
Q

What is one possible reason why people become religious in their older age?

A

People lose friends and spouses and religion may provide a nice social support system.

39
Q

Why can Catholicism be considered more egalitarian in regards to men and women practitioners compared to other religions?

A

The priest does the thinking for the congregation.

40
Q

What is an example of a seemingly religious war that may not be about religion?

A

The Catholic-Protestant war in Northern Ireland

41
Q

What is evidence that some so-called religious conflicts and attacks are not about religion?

A

When the term ethnic cleansing is used to describe the conflict.

42
Q

What is an example of religious persecution in the United States?

A

Mormons being driven out of upstate New York

43
Q

In the 1990s Ishan became a member of the Hindutva political party. In which country was Ishan most likely living at the time?

A

India

44
Q

Despite government opposition, approximately how many Hindus descended on a mosque in India and razed it?

A

200,000

45
Q

a process of declining influence or marginalization of religion in society

A

secularization

46
Q

a theory that as societies modernize and citizens become better educated, religion will inevitably decline

A

secularization hypothesis

47
Q

Why are Europeans more suspicious of the religiosity of Muslim immigrants, other than the fact that they are Muslim?

A

Europeans tend to be put off by very religious people.

48
Q

The Defense of Marriage Act __________.

A

Only recognizes heterosexual unions under federal law

49
Q

What is one reason conservative Protestantism has been on the rise in the United States since the 1960s?

A

Growth of this denomination was fueled by the changing gender roles and “sexual liberation” movement.

50
Q

There are signs that religiosity in America is _________ and that religiosity in other parts of the world, such as the Middle East is __________.

A

On the decline; on the rise

51
Q

The Western world’s long-term presence in the Middle East may play a role in the increase in religiosity there because __________.

A

Religious affiliation reasserts cultural pride

52
Q

The discussion of the interpretation of religious matters is called __________.

A

theology

53
Q

The specific church, temple, or mosque people attend is called the __________.

A

congregation

54
Q

How might attending a concert be similar to a religious service?

A

they both offer a shared experienced and sense of community

55
Q

According to a sociologist’s definition of “the sacred,” which of the following would most likely be considered the most sacred to Americans?

A

the dollar bill

56
Q

Though animism and paganism are not specific religions, why are they important?

A

they help designate whose classes of religions

57
Q

How is Chinese syncretism the most complicated of all major religions?

A

it combines features of different religions, making it difficult to classify

58
Q

Which of the following pairs of social characteristics is arguably most important in explaining segregation in American churches?

A

residence and social status

59
Q

Ken is a sociologist interested in studying religion among American young adult. Specifically, he is interested in understanding the importance of religions in his cohorts’ lives. Which of the following concepts would Ken most likely use to frame his research?

A

religiosity

60
Q

It is very common for individuals to __________ to other religions or denominations over the course of their lifetimes. However, __________ are more likely to do so into new religious movements.

A

convert; women

61
Q

Bette was born in 1945. All her life she has been active in her church. As her family grew they all become active in church as well. She had two children, both boys, one born in 1960 and the other in 1964. he had a grandson in 1989. Which of the following is most likely true about Bette’s family’s religiosity?

A

Bette is more religious than her two children and her grandson because of her age cohort membership.

62
Q

Why are religious and ethnic conflicts difficult to differentiate?

A

Religion and culture are often intertwined

63
Q

Religion is a potent marker of __________.

A

“us versus them”

64
Q

why might America be so religious compared to other industrialized countries?

A

because of the relative diversity of the United States

65
Q

Growth in the Catholic Church in the United States is largely attributed to __________?

A

immigration

66
Q

How might modernization in some countries contribute to the rise of religion in other countries?

A

Religious societies have higher birth rate and have more children than irreligious ones

SOC 101 (16 decks)

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