Ch. 14 - Renal, Fluid, and Acid-Base Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How does the total body water break down?

A
  • 60% of total body weigh = total body water
  • Intracellular fluid = 2/3 TBW
  • Extracellular fluid = 1/3 TBW
    • Interstitial fluid = 75% of ECF
    • Plasma = 25% of ECF
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2
Q

What is the Fluid Movement formula?

A

Fluid movement = k [(Pc+πi) - (Pi+πc)]

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3
Q

How is nephrotic syndrome defined?

A

By > 3.5g of protein in urine per day

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4
Q

What can cause edema?

A
  • High capillary pressure (Cirrhosis)
  • Low capillary oncotic pressure (Nephotic syndrome)
  • High interstial oncotic pressure (elephantitis)
  • Increased capillary permeability
  • Inappropriate renal sodium and water retention
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5
Q

What is an isoelectric point?

A

The pH where the number of positive charges = the number of negative charges

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6
Q

What is it called when at physiological pH amino acids have both a negatively charged carboxyl group (COO-) and a positively charged amino group (NH3+)?

A

Zwitterion

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7
Q

What is the major buffer in extracellular fluid, blood?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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8
Q

What are the ways that reabsoprtion can occur?

A
  • Active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Solvent drag
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9
Q

Where is glucose and sodium primarily reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

In the proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

What is the basis of the countercurrent multiplier system on the nephron?

A

Reabsorption of NaCl and impermeability to water of the thick ascending loop

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11
Q

How do you calculate the effective renal plasma flow?

A

Use PAH (paraaminohippuric acid) - it is completely secreted into the proximal tubule and excreted in the urine

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12
Q

What does angiotensin II do for the kidney?

A

When there is decreased renal blood flow, it is formed as aldosterone is released and it causes the efferent arteriole to constrict increasing the glomerular hydrostatic pressure making GFR go back to normal

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13
Q

How is GFR primarily regulated?

A

By changing the resistance (diameter) of the AFFERENT arteriole

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14
Q

What is GFR determined by?

A
  • Hydrostatic pressures (Bowman’s space and glomerulus)
  • Oncotic (colloid) pressures (Bowman’s space and glomerulus)
  • Capillary filtration coefficient
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15
Q

How do you calculate GFR?

A
  • Using Cr of inulin clearance
  • Freely filtered, no reabsorbed, minimally secreted into urine
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16
Q

What substances are freely filtered by the glomerulus, not secreted or absorbed?

A

Cr and Inulin

17
Q
A