Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOC 101 > Ch. 11 Race and Ethnicity > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Race and Ethnicity Flashcards

1
Q

the view that members of a group share a fundamental, inherited, innate, and fixed quality or characteristic

A

essentialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a system for classifying people who are believed to share common descent, based on perceived cultural similarities

A

ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a system for classifying people who are believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities

A

race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When did a color-coded hierarchy of racial thought develop in the Western world?

A

the fifteenth century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ________ is a custom that became enshrined in many state laws around the turn of the century to identify a persons race

A

one drop rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Max Weber, the definition of ethnicity is more _________ than that of race

A

subjective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Racial groups tend to be associated with ___________.

A

continents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which distinction would be most important legally and politically throughout US history?

A

whether one is white or Asian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the view that social categories such as race or gender are social creations, not biological facts

A

constructivism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the process by which immigrants come to be incorporated into their new society by taking on the cultural taste and practices of the new society

A

assimilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In Brazil, race is defined in such a way that _________.

A

Siblings can be assigned different race labels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

European, African, and East Asian ancestries are generally the focus of genetic genealogy firms in _________.

A

the United States

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A person who is raised in Sweden and then moves to Japan and takes on the customs and behaviors of Japanese people is a person who has _________.

A

assimilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The wave of European immigrants to the United States in the late 1800s changed the definition of who is _________.

A

white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In which example is a person with nonwhite ancestry most likely to be considered white by the dominant class?

A

Aboriginal people in Australia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

prejudice and/or discrimination against individuals who are members or particular racial or ethnic groups, often drawing on negative stereotypes about the group

A

racism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

negative beliefs or attitudes held about entire groups based on subjective, selective, or inaccurate information

A

prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a simplified generalization about a group that is often false or exaggerated

A

stereotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

any behavior, practice, or policy that harms, excludes, or disadvantages individuals on the basis of their group membership

A

discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the killing of someone by a group, without a trial or due process, for some specified behavior

A

lynching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the deliberate and systematic killing of a category of people

A

genocide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

action carried out by an individual or small group that harms, excludes, or disadvantages members of a certain group

A

individual discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

prejudice based on stereotypes that can be activated without an individual’s being consciously aware of holding them

A

implicit prejudice or bias

24
Q

occurs when the actions or policies of organizations or social institutions exclude, disadvantage, or harm members of particular groups

A

institutional (or structural) discrimination

25
Q

Describing the Japanese as frugal is an example of __________.

A

a stereotype

26
Q

The 1790 naturalization law is an example of ___________.

A

Institutionalized discrimination

27
Q

Which of the following people would have the most difficulty getting hired for a job?

A

A black man with a prison record

28
Q

A sociological theory of why racism occurs would consider ___________.

A

The ways we are socialized into racism

29
Q

The impact of having a stereotypical “black name” when applying for a job is most harmful at which level?

A

executive work

30
Q

a poor, isolated neighborhood, often formed as the result of residential segregation in which members of a poor or low-status racial, ethnic, or religious group are compelled to live in the same place

A

ghetto

31
Q

a concept that refers to the advantages of being white versus non-White

A

white privilege

32
Q

government policies regarding employment and education that seek to increase the representation of minorities and women in field from which they have historically been excluded

A

affirmative action

33
Q

At what point did the income difference between white and nonwhite families stagnate, ceasing to become more level?

A

The 1970s.

34
Q

Which group has the highest rate of educational attainment in the United States?

A

Asian Americans.

35
Q

Which of the following is an example of “soft” affirmative action?

A

Advertisements recruiting racial minorities to colleges

36
Q

Ghettos refer to _________.

A

Poor, racially segregated neighborhoods.

37
Q

Which of the following statements accurately relates race and contemporary political participation?

A

A large percentage of African Americans are not allowed to vote because of felony records.

38
Q

When did the United States become a multiracial society?

A

from the start

39
Q

Which of the following is considered an ethnic rather than a racial category by the U.S. government?

A

Hispanic

40
Q

Which of the following is a group that is included in a “beige minority”?

A

light-skinned latinos

41
Q

How is the retirement of the baby boom generation likely to affect race relations?

A

More nonwhites will enter the job market and take the relatively good jobs held by the baby boomers.

42
Q

More than __________ percent of the individuals who marry in 2010 were newly wedded to someone of a different race or ethnicity

A

15

43
Q

What has contributed to a change in the attitudes of Americans towards interracial unions or multiracial people?

A

Policy shifts revising racial classifications and interracial unions changed public attitudes

44
Q

What factor is difficult to anticipate regarding demographic changes in the US for the 21st century?

A

How people identify themselves in racial and ethnic terms

45
Q

According to the “one drop rule”, a person with three white grandparents and one black grandparent would be considered

A

black

46
Q

Which ethnic identity was formed most recently as a category in western thought

A

Hispanic

47
Q

Which of the following aspects of racism tends to be applied most broadly

A

prejudices

48
Q

What race is a Hispanic person most likely to select on US census documents

A

some other race

49
Q

Racial groupings in west Africa are mainly based on __________

A

whether one has noble ancestry

50
Q

How does having a criminal record impact job prospects of black Americans in comparison to white Americans?

A

the negative effects of a criminal record are 40% greater than for black job applicants than for white job applicants

51
Q

Why was the end of the civil rights movement significant?

A

the Voting Rights Act was passed, ending the struggle to secure political rights to minorities

52
Q

Winona is a native american of sioux origin. what race would she enter in her 2010 census document?

A

American Indian

53
Q

Which of the following affects how Alicia determines race when she sees a person

A

socialization affects her interpretation of physical descriptions

54
Q

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between discrimination and subordinate groups?

A

discrimination maintains social hierarchies

55
Q

Which of the following uses explicit awareness of race in order to promote equality?

A

affirmative action

56
Q

Why do many middle-class blacks work in the government sector?

A

antidiscrimination laws are more easily enforced there

57
Q

For adapting, which identity might someone in the US receive the least scrutiny from people?

A

Irish

SOC 101 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions