Ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

process of genetic change in a population whereby, as a result of natural selection, avg. state of a character becomes improved with reference to a specific function, or whereby a population is thought to have become better suited to some ft. of its environment

A

Adaptation

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2
Q

conferral of a benefit on other individuals at an apparent cost to the donor

A

Altruistic trait

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3
Q

procedure for inferring the adaptive function of a character by correlating its states in various taxa with one or more variables, such as ecological factors hypothesized to affect evolution

A

Comparative method

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4
Q

evolution of a function of a gene, tissue, or structure other than the one it was originally adapted for, can also refer to the adaptive use of a previously nonadaptive trait

A

Exaptation

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5
Q

Success of an entity in reproducing, the average contribution of an allele or genotype to the next generation or to succeeding generation

A

Fitness

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6
Q

way in which a character contributes to the fitness of an organism

A

Function

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7
Q

natural selection among alleles based on their effect in gametes

A

Gametic selection

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8
Q

form of selection in which the single gene is the unit of selection, such that the outcome is determined by fitness values assigned to different alleles

A

Genic selection

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9
Q

differential rate of origination or extinction of whole population on the basis of difference among them in one or more characteristics

A

Group selection

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10
Q

change in the frequency of an allele due to linkage with a selected allele at another locus

A

Hitchhiking

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11
Q

scientific method in which a hypothesis is tested by deducing expected data or observations form it, if it were true, and comparing the deduced predictions with real data

A

Hypothetico-deductive method

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12
Q

form of natural selection consisting of nonrandom differences among different genotypes within a population in their contribution to subsequent generation

A

Individual selection

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13
Q

form of selection whereby alleles differ in their rate of propagation by influencing the impact of their bearers on the reproductive success of individuals who carry the same alleles by common descent

A

Kin selection

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14
Q

several kinds of reproducing biological entities that can vary in fitness, resulting in potential selection among them

A

Levels of selection

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15
Q

denote a preponderance of one allele among the gametes produced by a heterozygote

A

Meiotic drive

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16
Q

frequently used name for the belief that what is “natural” is morally right or good

A

Naturalistic fallacy

17
Q

possession of the necessary properties to permit a shift to a new niche,habitat, or function. A structure is pre adapted for a new function if it can assume that function without evolutionary modification

A

preadaptation

18
Q

fitness of a genotype or other biological entity, often measured by the average per capita number of offspring that a newly formed zygote will have, or by similar measures

A

reproductive success

19
Q

DNA sequence that has the capacity for its own replication, or replication via other self-replicating elements, but has no immediate function for the organism in which it resides

A

selfish genetic elements

20
Q

differential reproduction as a result of variation in the ability to obtain mates

A

sexual selection

21
Q

form of group selection in which species with different characteristics increase in number at different rates because of a difference in their characteristics

A

species selection