Cellular respiration Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cellular respiration Deck (28)
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1
Q

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, ATP

2
Q

What is the name for the first stage of respiration?

A

Glycolysis

3
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm

4
Q

What is the name for the second stage of respiration?

A

Citric acid cycle

5
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

Matrix of mitochondria

6
Q

What happens in glycolysis?

A

Glucose -> Pyruvate
2 ATP used, 4 ATP produced, Net Gain 2 ATP
NADH produced

7
Q

Which enzyme removes hydrogen ions and electrons during respiration?

A

Dehydrogenase

8
Q

Which co-enzymes carry hydrogen and high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?

A

NAD / FAD

9
Q

What is meant by a “net gain” of 2 ATP during glycolysis?

A

2 ATP are used, 4 ATP are produced

10
Q

What happens during the citric acid cycle?

A

Pyruvate converted to Acetyl Co A which combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. Produces NADH, FAD, CO2 and some ATP.

11
Q

Which stage in aerobic respiration can result in both NADH and FADH2 being produced?

A

Citric Acid Cycle

12
Q

What happens during the electron transport chain?

A

Electrons provide energy to pump H ions into intermembrane space. Hydrogen ions return to cytoplasm through ATP synthase which results in ATP being made.

13
Q

Where are electron transport chains for aerobic respiration found?

A

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

14
Q

Why are the electrons required in the electron transport chain?

A

Provide the energy for the electron transport chain to pump H ions into intermembrane space.

15
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesising ATP from ADP + Pi?

A

ATP Synthase

16
Q

What drives the synthesis of ATP by ATP Synthase?

A

The return flow of hydrogen ions.

17
Q

What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

A

Acts as the final acceptor of H ions and electrons, combining with them to form water.

18
Q

What happens during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

A

ATP are used to phosphorylate intermediates.

19
Q

What happens during the energy pay-off phase of glycolysis.

A

ATP are produced.

20
Q

What happens to the pyruvate after glycolysis?

A

Converted into an acetyl group and combines with co-enzyme A to make acetyl co-A.

21
Q

What happens to acetyl co A during the citric acid cycle?

A

It combines with oxaloacetate to make citrate.

22
Q

What is produced during the citric acid cycle?

A

CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2

23
Q

What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?

A

Undergoes fermentation to form lactate in animals or ethanol and CO2 in plants.

24
Q

What happens to the NADH and FAD generated in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A

They pass the hydrogen ions and electrons to the electron transport chain.

25
Q

Name two alternative respiratory substrates?

A

Fats, proteins

26
Q

Which alternative respiratory substrate would only be used after periods of prolonged starvation.

A

Proteins

27
Q

What are the subunits of fats?

A

Glycogen and glycerol

28
Q

What are the smallest subunits of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose