Cellular A&P Flashcards

1
Q

List the organic molecules that make up the cell membrane

A

phospholipidsproteinscholesterolcarbohydrates

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2
Q

State the function of phospholipids in the cell membrane

A

permit lipid soluble materials to easily enter or leave the cell by diffusion

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3
Q

State the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane

A

decreases the fluidity of the membrane making it more stable

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4
Q

State the function of proteins in the cell membrane

A

form pores or openings to permit passage of materials, enzymes that help substances enter the cell, indentify the cells as ‘self’, serve as receptor sites for hormones

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5
Q

State the function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane

A

serve as markers, help identify certain substances, determine blood groups, provide binding sites for certain toxins, allows sperm to recognize the egg, determines cellular life span, serves in the immune system, helps guide embryonic development

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6
Q

Eplain the term lipid bilayer

A

refers to the two layers phospholipids that make up the cell wall; the polar heads of the phospholipids are hydrophilic and interacts with the water inside and outside the cell, the non polar tails of the phospholipids is hydrophobic and oppose the water, in the cell wall they are attracted to each other

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7
Q

Define cytoplasm

A

the fluid of a cell containing minerals, gases, and organic molecules

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8
Q

Describe how the cell membrane regulates the composition of the cytoplasm

A

the cell membrane is selectively permeable

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9
Q

Define nucleus

A

control center of the brain containing chromosomes

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10
Q

Define chromosomes

A

threads of chromatin in cell nuclei that contain DNA

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11
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a human cell?

A

23 pair or 46

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12
Q

Define DNA

A

blueprint for the human body

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13
Q

Define gene

A

genetic code for one protein

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14
Q

Define messenger RNA

A

nucleic acid that copies genes from DNA and leaves the nucleus to deliver the genes to the ribosome

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15
Q

Define ribosome

A

bonds amino acids to form proteins

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16
Q

Define transfer RNA

A

collects amino acids for the ribosomes

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17
Q

Define mutation

A

a mistake in the DNA

18
Q

Define ATP

A

a product of cell respiration that contains biologically useful energy, energy source for all cellular processes

19
Q

Describe endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of membranous tubules that extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane, serves as passage ways for the transport of materials necessary for cell function

20
Q

Describe ribosomes

A

small structures in a cell made of protein and ribosomal RNA, site of protein synthesis

21
Q

Describe the golgi apparatus

A

series of flat, meberous sacs; site of carbohydrate synthesis that are then packaged with other materials for secretion from the cell

22
Q

Describe mitochondria

A

double membrane organelles within the cytoplasm; site of cellular repiration; ATP production

23
Q

Describe lysosomes

A

single membrane structures within the cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes; digests bacteria, worn out cell parts, and dead cells

24
Q

State the formula for cellular respiration

A

glucose + oxygen = heat + water + carbon dioxide + ATP

25
Q

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to the carbon dioxide

A

removed from the cells to the blood to be carried to the lungs and exhaled

26
Q

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to thewater

A

becomes part of the intracellular fluid

27
Q

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to the heat

A

contributes to normal body temperature

28
Q

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to the ATP

A

used for various cell processes

29
Q

Describe mitosis

A

a single cell with with 46 chromosomes splits into two daughter cells who each have 46 chromosomes

30
Q

Describe meiosis

A

the formation of gametes; one cell with 46 chromosomes divides twice to produce four cells with 23 chromosomes each

31
Q

Define diploid

A

a cell with 46 chromosomes

32
Q

Define haploid

A

a cell with 23 chromosomes

33
Q

Define osmosis

A

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

34
Q

Define diffusion

A

the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

35
Q

Define facilitated diffusion

A

the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need help

36
Q

Define active transport

A

requires the energy of ATPto move molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

37
Q

Define filtration

A

water and dissolved material are forced through membranes from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

38
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

cell eating

39
Q

Define pinocytosis

A

cell drinking

40
Q

Define apoptosis

A

cellular suicide