Who was the first person to see cork cells?
Robert Hooke
The scientist that coined the term “cell”
Robert Hooke
Leeuwenhoek was responsible for
being the first man to see “living/moving” cells in pond water
These three scientists are responsible for coming up with modern cell theory
Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow
What are the three parts of cell theory?
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of life
- New cells can only come from existing cells
True or False: Living cells can arise from other cells, even if they are no longer living.
False
Does not contain any membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote
Has no nucleus
Prokaryote
The earliest type of cell
Prokaryotes
What type of cell is only found in bacteria?
Prokaryote
Why does the volume to surface area ratio matter to cells?
- The volume increases faster than the surface area.
- If the volume gets too big, the surface area won’t be large enough and the cell won’t be able to expel enough waste or import enough nutrients
Why are cells small?
- The ratio of volume to surface area limits how large the cell can be
- The nucleus can only control a certain amount of cytoplasm
Contains membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
Has a defined nucleus
Eukaryote
Is found in more complex organisms
Eukaryote
These types of cells are able to specialize
Eukaryote
What is cell specialization?
The ability of eukaryotic cells to do one specific function (ex. heart cell, nerve cell, blood cell)
Shape is related to function
What are the two main parts cells are divided into?
The nucleus and the cytoplasm
The organelle responsible for containing the cell’s DNA
Nucleus
Which organelle contains the instructions for making proteins?
The nucleus
The instructions are found in the DNA
Surrounds the nucleus, lets things in and out
Nuclear membrane
What is the function of the nucleolus?
The inner portion of the nucleus that is responsible for the production of ribosomes
The jelly-like substance outside of the nucleus where most chemical reactions take place
Cytoplasm
Which organelle functions like roadways in the cell by transporting materials?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Helps in making lipids
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials (UPS)
Contains digestive enzymes
Lysosome
What is the function of the lysosome?
Cleans up dead/excess materials (janitor)
The powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Which organelle uses materials to make energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the ribosome?
Makes proteins
Stores water and other materials
Vacuole
Do NOTHING except during ______
Centrioles; cell division
Help maintain the shape of the cell
Cytoskeleton
Flexible material that surrounds the cell, allows things in and out
Cell Membrane
Rigid structure outside of the cell membrane; supplies structure and strength to the cell
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts’ function are to
Use energy from the sun to do photosynthesis (make plant food)
How are cilia different from flagella?
Cilia are hair-like structures that form around the outside of the entire cell
Flagella are whip-like (tails) and only a couple of them can be found on the outside of some cells
Both are organelles for cell movement
Why are cells small?
- They’re limited by the ratio of surface area to volume
(volume increases faster than surface area)
- The nucleus can only control a certain amount of active, living cytoplasm