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IB Biology 20 > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cell Biology Deck (31)
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1
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid bi-layer separating a cell from its environment creating homeostasis; found in both plant cells and animals cells; allows endo/exocytosis and the creation of vesicles;

2
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

rigid to semi-rigid wall surrounding plasma membrane’ contains pores to allow passage of cells in and out

3
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

Organelle only found in plant cells; where cells convert sunlight into usable energy

4
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Fluid in which all organelles sit; contains enzymes for catalysing chemical reactions of metabolism;

5
Q

What is differentiation?

A

changing from one cell type to another; typically becoming more specialized

6
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis

7
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

one cell with specialized organelles; it is believed that organelles were also originally prokaryotes but were swallowed by other prokaryotes

8
Q

What is the flagella?

A

folds within the mitochondrion

9
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

phospholipid bi-layer

10
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

involved in secretion and intracellular transport; surrounded by many vesicles

11
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

Likes water

12
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Dislikes water

13
Q

What is the lysosome?

A

membrane bound sac of enzymes that digest particles the cell thinks are harmful

14
Q

What is the mitochondrion?

A

“powerhouse of the cell”; where cellular respiration occur to produce usable ATP for the cell;

15
Q

What does multicellular mean?

A

Many cells acting together for a common cause that have specialized

16
Q

What is the nuclear membrane?

A

double membrane surrounding nucleolus

17
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Where DNA is stored and where rNA synthesizes proteins

18
Q

What is the phospholipid bi-layer?

A

membrane consisting of phosphorus heads attached to lipid tails; lipid tails connect to each other to make a membrane; lipid layer is hydrophobic

19
Q

What are pili?

A

Small hairs on the outside of a prokaryotic cell that contribute to movement

20
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

primitive cell which lacks membrane bound organelles

21
Q

What are 70S ribsosomes vs 80S ribosomes?

A

sites of protein synthesis (70S scattered throughout cytoplasm rather than in rough ER)

22
Q

What is specialization?

A

Cells that have differentiated in structure and function.

23
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Cells that have not specialized to perform a specific task (ie. liver cells, muscle cell); can be used in medical application to replace damaged tissue;

24
Q

What does unicellular mean?

A

One cell

25
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

largest organelle (2/3 of the space in plant cells); stores nutrients;

26
Q

What are vesicles?

A

membrane bound sac used for transportation

27
Q

What is the calculation for total magnification?

A

total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

28
Q

What is the calculation for magnification?

A

size of the image / actual size of specimen

29
Q

What is the calculation for length of specimen?

A

length of specimen = size of image / magnification

30
Q

What is plasmid?

A

small circular pieces of naked DNA in addition to main chromosome of prokaryotic cells

31
Q

What is the nucleoid?

A

region of prokaryote cytoplasm where main chromosome and plasmid are found.