Category 2

Question 1

Describe and illustrate the basic components of X-ray tube construction.

Answer 1

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Question 2

Describe and illustrate the line focus principle.

Answer 2

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Question 3

Describe and illustrate the heel effect and its implication for image quality

Answer 3

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Question 4

Explain the impact that generator waveform has on radiation output.

Answer 4

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Question 5

Distinguish between atomic ionisation and excitation.

Answer 5

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Question 6

Describe the coherent scattering interaction process.

Answer 6

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Question 7

Demonstrate knowledge of the process described by attenuation.

Answer 7

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Question 8

Describe the attenuation of monoenergetic and polychromatic radiation in terms of linear and mass attenuation
coefficients and HVLs

Answer 8

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Question 9

Demonstrate knowledge of the factors that impact on attenuation.

Answer 9

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Question 10

Distinguish between lossless and lossy images

Answer 10

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Question 11

Describe the key elements of PACS.

Answer 11

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Question 12

Describe the key factors that contribute to image quality for both film and softcopy reporting.

Answer 12

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Question 13

In the context of image intensifiers, describe what is meant by veiling glare and define limiting spatial resolution.

Answer 13

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Question 14

In DSA, describe the image processing operations such as edge enhancement and landmarking and processes
that may be used to reduce image noise such as frame integration

Answer 14

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Question 15

Define the LSF and MTF.

Answer 15

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Question 16

• Distinguish between quantum noise and other types of noise..

Answer 16

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Question 17

Explain the origin of image distortion arising from geometric effects.

Answer 17

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Question 18

Discuss the performance characteristics of X-ray mammography equipment.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Explain the impact of system geometry on spatial resolution.

Answer 19

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Question 20

Describe the effect of image processing on image quality

Answer 20

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Question 21

Describe key features of image reconstruction in CT Fluoroscopy

Answer 21

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Question 22

Describe the principle and relevance of Scanned Projection Radiography (SPR).

Answer 22

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Question 23

Describe key features of the concept of CT Fluoroscopy

Answer 23

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Question 24

Discuss the role of the Fourier Transform (FT) in MR image reconstruction.

Answer 24

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Question 25

Describe 2D-FT reconstruction methods in terms of the three time intervals (slice selection, phase encoding and
frequency encoding).

Answer 25

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Question 26

Compare the 3D-FT reconstruction technique with the 2D-FT method

Answer 26

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Question 27

Discuss the advantages of the Gradient Echo, Fast Spin Echo, Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) and other fast imaging
techniques

Answer 27

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Question 28

Explain the effects of preparatory inversion pulse on image contrast.

Answer 28

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Question 29

Compare and contrast fat suppression obtained by spectral, IR GRE and subtraction methods

Answer 29

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Question 30

Identify the biomolecular species which may be analysed in clinical MRS.

Answer 30

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Question 31

Describe the construction and mode of operation of gas-filled detectors.

Answer 31

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Question 32

Discuss the concept of pulse height analysis.

Answer 32

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Question 33

Explain the significance of the Poisson distribution in the characterisation of image noise

Answer 33

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Question 34

Describe the manufacturing processes used for the production of medical radioisotopes.

Answer 34

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Question 35

Demonstrate knowledge of some of the basic parameters which characterise a sound wave. Conduct simple
calculations relating to frequency, wavelength and relative intensity in decibels.

Answer 35

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Question 36

Describe details of the main physical parameters that characterise transducers, and their effect on the image.

Answer 36

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Question 37

escribe the basic principles of B-mode pulse-echo imaging.

Answer 37

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Question 38

Understand parameters such as pulse length, frequency, pulse repetition frequency and TGC affect the image.

Answer 38

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Question 39

Perform simple calculations using the Doppler shift equation and understand the concepts underlying spectral
analysis colour Doppler and power Doppler

Answer 39

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Question 40

Describe the basic principles of compound imaging.

Answer 40

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Question 41

Describe the basic principles of panoramic imaging.

Answer 41

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Question 42

Explain the factors which produce more complex artefacts such as aliasing and side lobes.

Answer 42

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Question 43

Explain the importance and application of the dose descriptors:
• DAPS
• CTDI
• DLP

Answer 43

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Question 44

Describe the principles and benefits of quality assurance in imaging.

Answer 44

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Question 45

Describe the physical principles of contrast agents used in radiology. Articulate in general terms how they
improve subject contrast.

Answer 45

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Question 46

Differentiate and contrast the use of iodine and barium agents in radiology examinations.

Answer 46

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Question 47

Describe the fundamental properties of MRI contrast agents. Articulate in general terms how they improve
contras

Answer 47

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Question 48

Describe the nature, function, and use of ultrasound contrast agents.

Answer 48

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Question 49

Articulate in general terms the safety issues involved in contrast agent use.

Answer 49

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