Case Study - Indonesian Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Case Study - Indonesian Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 Deck (19)
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1
Q

Describe the type of hazard

A

earthquake that developed into a tsunami as a secondary effect

2
Q

Describe the location

A

intersection of the Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate. Eastern coast of Indian Ocean in Indonesia.

3
Q

how many were killed?

A

over 250,000 people

4
Q

cost of disaster

A

$15 billion - quite low compared to damages in a HIC, e.g $65 billion for Hurricane Sandy.

5
Q

causes of disaster

A

Indo-Australian plate subducting below Eurasian Plate (Destructive) causing a 9.1 magnitude earthquake under the Indonesian earthquake.

6
Q

What was the magnitude?

A

9.1 on the richter scale

7
Q

How high were the tsunami wave peaks?

A

25m

8
Q

Why were so many people killed and injured?

A
  • Poor infrastructure not designed to withstand an earthquake of 9.1 magnitude.
  • No history of tsunamis meant that there was no warning and people were not educated so didn’t realise a tsunami was about to occur.
9
Q

How many were injured?

A

650,000

10
Q

How many homeless?

A

2 million

11
Q

How many settlements were wiped out?

A

1500

12
Q

What long term social impacts were there?

A
  • Long term psychological impacts but little help in place
  • Land disputes broke out in the following months as documents were lost in the devastation.
  • Up to 150,000 people died from Cholera and Dysentery in refugee camps.
13
Q

What were the economic impacts?

A
  • Damage to homes (most were uninsured), towns and businesses
  • Damage to tourist industry
  • Damage to national infrastructure
  • Damage to the fishing industry in Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Sri Lanka.
14
Q

How was the fishing industry badly affected?

A

Most fishermen did not have insurance and the government wasn’t wealth enough to replace their boats. As a result they lost their livelihoods and equipment - further infrastructure like ports and harbours was damaged.

15
Q

How was the tourism industry badly affected?

A

Many tourists would not travel to Indonesia out of fear and the infrastructure was broken so it was no longer an attractive location.

16
Q

What were the environmental impacts?

A
  • Hundreds of coral reefs were damaged and coastal flooding was widespread. As a result, soils were saturated and crops failed.
  • Diseases like Cholera and Dysentery spread due to the lack of clean water and sanitation in the refugee camps which killed an estimated 150,000 people.
17
Q

What were the political impacts in Indonesia?

A

In Indonesia’s Aceh province where government and rebels declared a ceasefire to allow aid to enter the region. This brought the sides closer to reconciliation and encouraged dialogue.

18
Q

What were the political impacts in Sri Lanka?

A

Rebel held territory did not receive relief supplies and both sides accused each other of failure. As such, the tsunami aggravated the conflict.

19
Q

How effectively did local services deal with the disaster?

A
  • Local infrastructure like Hospitals, schools and most local government shut down
  • emergency and rescue teams were overwhelmed and under equipped for the scale of the disaster.
  • bodies were buried in mass graves to prevent the spread of diseases. Often, they were unidentified so many families did not get the closure they wanted.