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Year 1 Cell Biology > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

Cartilage-forming cells

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2
Q

Which cell type forms cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts

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3
Q

What is the term for a chondroblast that has become trapped in the ECM?

A

Chondrocyte

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4
Q

Is cartilage innervated?

A

No

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5
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline2. Elastic3. Fibrocartilage
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6
Q

What is the main component of hyaline cartilage?

A

Fine collagen fibrils (Type II)

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7
Q

What is the main component of elastic cartilage?

A

Fine collagen fibrils (Type II) + elastic fibers

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8
Q

What is the main component of fibrocartilage?

A

Parallel collagen bundles (Type I)

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9
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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10
Q

How does hyaline cartilage appear upon staining?

A

Glassy, whitish blue

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11
Q

What type of cartilage is used to maintain lumens?

A

Hyaline

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12
Q

What type of cartilage is used to coat articular surfaces of bones?

A

Hyaline

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13
Q

What type of cartilage is used at epiphyseal plates of growing bones?

A

Hyaline

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14
Q

What are the general locations / functions of hyaline cartilage?

A
  1. Lumen maintenance (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi)2. Articular surfaces of bones3. Epiphyseal growth plates of bones
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15
Q

What are chondrification centers?

A

Sites of of future cartilage production

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16
Q

Chondrification centers are found in what type of cell?

A

Mesenchymal cell

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17
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

CT capsule that covers ONLY hyaline and elastic cartilage

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18
Q

Perichondrium is a CT capsule that covers what types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline and elastic

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19
Q

What are the layers of the perichondrium?

A
  1. Outer fibrous2. Inner cellular
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20
Q

What are the functions of the fibrous perichondrium?

A
  1. Protective2. Supportive
21
Q

What is the function of the inner cellular perichondrium?

A

Cartilage growth and maintenance

22
Q

What type of cells are contained within the inner cellular perichondrium?

A

Chondrogenic cells

23
Q

What is the definition of appositional growth in cartilage?

A

Growth of cartilage on the surface of existing cartilage

24
Q

When does interstitial cartilage growth occur?

A
  1. Early stages of cartilage formation2. In articular cartilage (no perichondrium)3. Epiphyseal plates4. Deep within cartilage (inside of tissue)
25
Q

Articular cartilage exhibits what kind of cartilage growth?

A

Interstitial

26
Q

Early stages of cartilage formation exhibits what kind of cartilage growth?

A

Interstitial

27
Q

Growth deep within cartilage (inside of tissue) involves what kind of cartilage growth?

A

Interstitial

28
Q

Growth of cartilage at epiphyseal plates is what kind of cartilage growth?

A

Interstitial

29
Q

When does appositional cartilage growth occur?

A
  1. Most cartilages2. Throughout lifespan of cartilage3. At surface of existing cartilage
30
Q

What type of cartilage growth occurs in most cartilages?

A

Appositional growth

31
Q

What kind of cartilage growth is present throughout the lifespan of cartilage?

A

Appositional

32
Q

Does hyaline cartilage display interstitial growth, appositional growth, or both?

A

Both

33
Q

Chondrogenic cells can differentiate into what cell types?

A
  1. Chondroblasts2. Osteoprogenitor cells
34
Q

Can chondrocytes revert back to chondroblasts?

A

Yes

35
Q

What is the function of chondrocytes?

A

Monitor matrix composition and synthesize necessary molecules to maintain cartilage matrix

36
Q

What is the most abundant collagen type in hyaline cartilage?

A

Type II

37
Q

Hyaluronan molecules serve as attachment sites for what molecule?

A

Proteoglycan monomers

38
Q

What is the capsular (pericellular) matrix?

A

Intensely stained thin layer of matrix immediately around the lacuna in the hyaline matrix

39
Q

What part of the hyaline cartilage matrix contains the highest concentration of sulfated proteoglycans, hyaluronan and glycoproteins?

A

Capsular (pericellular) matrix

40
Q

What is the territorial matrix?

A

Lighter staining matrix that surrounds the isogenous group in the hyaline matrix

41
Q

What is the interterritorial matrix?

A

Represents the majority of the hyaline matrix; fills space around territorial matrix

42
Q

What is the water composition of cartilage matrix?

A

60-80%

43
Q

How do nutrients get to hyaline cartilage?

A

Diffusion through ECM from nearby tissues

44
Q

What cell type constantly monitors the matrix composition of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

45
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located?

A
  1. Pinna of the ear2. Internal and external auditory tubes3. Epiglottis4. Larynx
46
Q

Does elastic cartilage calcify with aging?

A

No

47
Q

Does hyaline cartilage calcify with aging?

A

Yes

48
Q

Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?

A

No

49
Q

Where is fibrocartilage located?

A
  1. Intervertebral discs2. Pubic symphysis3. Articular discs (e.g. TMJ)4. Menisci of knee5. Attached to bone (e.g. tendon-bone junction)

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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