Cardiovascular System

Question 1

hypertension

Answer 1

pathological increase in blood pressure

Question 2

What does someones blood pressure with hypertension look like?

Answer 2

Systolic >140, Diastolic >90

Question 3

What does someones blood pressure with isolated systolic hypertension look like?

Answer 3

Systolic >140, Diastolic

Question 4

coronary artery disease

Answer 4

decreases blood flow to cardiac muscle

Question 5

complete blockage of coronary arteries = _______

Answer 5

myocardial infarction/ heart attack

Question 6

What are the 3 surgical options for fixing cardiac problems?

Answer 6

1) Bypass
2) Angioplasty
3) Stent

Question 7

Angioplasty

Answer 7

catheter goes up through femoral artery, into heart, balloon gets inflated, opens up vessel and is then taken out again

Question 8

Stent

Answer 8

catheter goes up through femoral artery, into heart, balloon gets inflated, opens up vessel and stent is put in to hold artery open

Question 9

congestive heart failure

Answer 9

inability of heart to maintain cardiac output sufficient to meet metabolic needs of body - hearts pumping power is weaker than normal and cannot pump blood and oxygen throughout the body as quickly as usual

Question 10

4 common arrhythmias

Answer 10

1) bradycardia
2) tachycardia
3) Atrial Fibrillation
4) Ventricular fibrillation

Question 11

Bradycardia

Answer 11

heart beats too slowly

Question 12

Tachycardia

Answer 12

heart beats too quickly

Question 13

atrial fibrillation

Answer 13

atria do not contract completely with each beat but “quiver”

Question 14

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 14

the ventricles quiver and the heart can’t pump any blood - causing cardiac arrest

Question 15

pacemakers

Answer 15

inserted for arrhythmias because not enough O2 is pumped through the body to meet metabolic needs

Question 16

what is a pacemaker made of

Answer 16

made of a generator or “battery” and leads inserted into heart muscle

Question 17

can parts of valves or their supporting structures be surgically repaired?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

______ or ______ valves can replace any of the valves in the heart

Answer 18

mechanical or live tissue

Question 19

3 objectives of cardiac rehab programs

Answer 19

• optimize function within the limits imposed by the disease
• educate patients and family on risk factors
• return patient to daily activities and roles

Question 20

exercise prescription for cardiac diseases

Answer 20

aerobic - long, gradual warmup and cool down to prepare cardiovascular system for activity, begin with 5-10 minutes and work toward 20-60 minutes continuous

Question 21

best exercise choices for cardiovascular disease

Answer 21

lower body - functional workouts for moving around the house, walking, biking

Question 22

resistance training for CV

Answer 22

8-10 exercises, one set, 10-15 reps, 2-3x/week, 40% 1RM

Question 23

3 contraindications to exercise with CV

Answer 23

• poor ventricular function
• ischemia
• uncontrolled arrhythmias

Question 24

what are some stretching considerations for CV

Answer 24

• total body stretch
• awareness of incisions
• shoulder pain (from position during surgery)
• head higher than heart (dizzy)