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Flashcards in Cardiovascular regulation reading 2 Deck (34)
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1
Q

Intrinsic regulation of cardiac output results from mechanisms ______ the heart.

A

within

2
Q

Extrinsic regulation of the heart requires involvement of ______.

A

hormones

the nervous system

3
Q

Extrinsic regulation of the heart includes ______.

A

adrenal medulla secretions

autonomic reflexes

4
Q

An increase in venous return to the heart leads to a(n) ______ in preload and therefore a(n) ______ in stroke volume.

A

increase, increase

5
Q

The amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediately before it begins to contract is called what?

A

Preload

6
Q

The Starling law of the heart describes the relationship between ______ and the pumping effectiveness of the heart.

A

preload

7
Q

Neural and hormonal influences on the heart include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A

somatic reflexes

8
Q

The blood pressure in the great arteries determines which of the following?

A

Afterload

9
Q

The Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to the ______.

A

end-diastolic volume

10
Q

With exercise, venous return will _____.

A

increase

11
Q

Extrinsic regulation of the heart includes ______.

A

adrenal medulla secretions

autonomic reflexes

12
Q

Which force impedes the opening of the semilunar valves and opposes ventricular ejection?

A

Afterload

13
Q

Which autonomic system(s) innervate(s) the heart?

A

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

14
Q

Identify the measurements that will increase with exercise.

A

Preload

Force of contraction

Cardiac output

15
Q

What variables are kept in homeostatic ranges through extrinsic regulation of the heart?

A

Blood pressure

Blood chemistry

16
Q

True or False: The sympathetic division of the ANS has a much larger influence on the heart.

A

True

17
Q

The vagus nerve conveys signals from the ______ nervous system to the heart.

A

parasympathetic

18
Q

The division of the nervous system that has an inhibitory effect on the heart is the what nervous system?

A

parasympathetic

19
Q

Parasympathetic effects on the heart are via ______.

A

acetylcholine

20
Q

The cardiac nerves convey signals from the ______ nervous system to the heart.

A

sympathetic

21
Q

The what nerve conveys parasympathetic signals to the heart?

A

vagus

22
Q

What variables are kept in homeostatic ranges through extrinsic regulation of the heart?

A

Blood pressure

Blood chemistry

23
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system’s main effect on the heart is the decrease in ______.

A

heart rate

24
Q

Baroreceptor information reaches the cardioregulatory center primarily through what two cranial nerves?

A

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

25
Q

An increase in contractility caused by the sympathetic stimulation will result in increased ______.

A

stroke volume

26
Q

If the heart rate is above a critical level, stroke volume actually decreases because ______.

A

end-diastolic volume decreases

27
Q

Hormones from the adrenal medulla have what effects on the heart?

A

Increased rate

Increased contractility

Increased stroke volume

28
Q

In maintaining homeostasis, regulation of the pumping action of the heart ensures ______.

A

the metabolic demands of tissues are maintained

29
Q

The area of the medulla that specifically increases the heart rate is called the ______ center.

A

cardioacceleratory

30
Q

The area of the medulla oblongata that specifically decreases the heart rate is called the what center?

A

cardioregulatory or cardioinhibitory

31
Q

The cardioacceleratory area _____ heart rate and is found in the _____.

A

increases, medulla oblongata

32
Q

The peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to oxygen levels of the blood and regulate heart activity are located in ______.

A

structures near the carotids and aortic arch

33
Q

Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies respond primarily to levels of ______.

A

oxygen

34
Q

A drop in pH and rise in carbon dioxide _______ heart rate.

A

increases