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Flashcards in Cardiovascular Deck (28)
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1
Q

how much blood does the heart pump with each beat?

A

5 L/min or 60mL/min

2
Q

what vessels return deoxygenated blood to right atrium?

A

superior vena cave, inferior vena cave, coronary sinus

3
Q

systole is _____ of the heart

A

contraction

4
Q

diastole is _____ of the heart

A

“filling” or resting

5
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each contraction

6
Q

what is after the afterload?

A

resistance the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the valves and blood vessels

7
Q

what is the focus of patient history in terms of cardiovascular problems

A

obtain information about risk factors and symptoms. Assess non-modifiable risk

8
Q

What is PND?

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea- patient awakens abruptly with feeling of suffocation.

9
Q

Troponin normal range

A

T

10
Q

Myoglobin normal range

A
11
Q

what is the normal ration for HDL: LDL?

A

3:1

12
Q

What serum levels are assessed for patients receiving heparin?

A

PTT/platelets

13
Q

What serum levels are assessed for patients receiving warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

PT/INR

14
Q

Why is it important to monitor heart rate and rhythm after administering Atropine?

A

Increased heart rate is expected.

Increased heart rate could cause ischemia in patients with CAD

15
Q

What are the 3 I’s of MI

A

Ischemia
Injury
Infarction

16
Q

what is the normal ejection fraction range?

A

50% - 70%

17
Q

what condition is the leading cause of heart failure?

A

hypertension

18
Q

how does atropine affect myasthenia gravis?

A

it’s an anticholinergic. It inhibits

19
Q

what is the generic name for Tenormin?

A

atenolol

20
Q

what is atenolol?

pg 782

A

antianginal, antihypertensive

pharm. class: beta blocker
- decreases BP and heart rate
- decreases frequency of angina attacks
- prevents MI

21
Q

what are the 6 P’s of acute arterial occlusion?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Pallor
  3. Pulseless
  4. Paresthesia (abnormal sensations i.e. tingling, numbness)
  5. Paralysis
  6. Poikilothermia (inability to regulate core body temp)
22
Q

what is Lopressor (metoprolol)?

pg 782

A

Ther. class: antianginal, antihypertensive
Pharm class: beta blocker

decreases BP and heart rate
decreases frequency of angina attacks
decreases rate of mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure

23
Q

what make rheumatic carditis different from endocarditis?

A

rheumatic carditis develops after an upper respiratory infection with streptococci

24
Q

Claudication?

A

muscle pain caused by inadequate blood supply

25
Q

Ischemic

A

reduced blood flow in vessels caused by a blockage narrowing the lumen

26
Q

when administering unfractionated heparin. When you should you notify the physician of platelet level?

A

when platelet count is below 120,000/mm3

27
Q

what are the therapeutic lab levels for Coumadin/warfarin?

A

INR between 1.5 and 2.0

28
Q

what is the antidote for warfarin?

A

vitamin K