Cardiomyopathies Flashcards Preview

Foundations II (Cholley) > Cardiomyopathies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cardiomyopathies Deck (30)
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1
Q

Etiology of CMs

A
  • Idiopathic vs. secondary

- Genetic/familial

2
Q

What are the 3 categories of CMs?

A
  1. Dilated (most common)
  2. Hypertrophic
  3. Restrictive (least common)
3
Q

What is the leading cause of CHF?

A

Idiopathic dilated CM

4
Q

What is the #1 cause of sudden death in athletes < 35 yo?

A

Hypertrophic CM

5
Q

Define: Dilated CM

A

Thin, enlarged ventricular wall

- Systolic dysfunction

6
Q

Define: Hypertrophic CM

A

Myocardial hypertrophy in absence of HTN or aortic stenosis

- Frequently involves septal wall

7
Q

Define: Restrictive CM

A

Nondilated ventricles, impaired filling, reduced diastolic fxn

8
Q

What does HF result from?

A

Cardiovascular abnormality –> supply/demand mismatch

- systemic perfusion inadequate to meet metabolic demand

9
Q

Features of L. sided HF

A
  • Systolic dysfunction: inability to contract & expel blood, LV EF reduced
  • Diastolic dysfunction: Inability of ventricle to relax & fill adequately, increased filling pressure
10
Q

What causes R. sided HF?

A
  • MC = L. sided HF

- Pulmonary HTN

11
Q

What causes dilated CM? “ABCD PIG”

A
Alcohol 
Beriberi
Coxsackie B, Chagas 
Drugs: Adriamycin, cocaine 
Pregnancy 
Idiopathic, infection 
Genetic
12
Q

What is the MC of HF due to systolic dysfunction?

A

Ischemic CM

- Common cause of dilated CM

13
Q

What increases the risk of alcoholic CM?

A

Drinking > 90g (7-8 drinks) per day for 5 yrs

14
Q

Define: Peripartum CM

A

Development of HF late in pregnancy or within 5 mos of giving birth.

15
Q

What are risk factors for peripartum CM?

A
  • Age > 30
  • African
  • Cocaine abuse
  • Multiple fetuses
  • Preclampsia/eclampsia
16
Q

Takotsubo CM

A

“Stress cardiomyopathy”

“Broken Heart Syndrome”

17
Q

Define: Hypertrophic CM

A

Genetic disease of heart muscle

- Unexplained hypertrophy w/out dilation of ventricles or a cardiovascular disease

18
Q

What are other names for Hypertrophic CM?

A
  • Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis (IHSS)

- Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy (ASH)

19
Q

Obstructive hypertrophic CM

A

Due to mid systolic obstruction of flow through LV outflow tract
- Result of systolic anterior motion of mitral valve toward septum

20
Q

What CM puts pts at risk for ventricular & supraventricular arrhythmias?

A

Hypertrophic CM

21
Q

What are risk factors for SCD?

A
  • Hx of syncope or family hx
  • Gene mutations
  • LV wall thickness ≥ 30
  • Non-sustained ventricular tachy
  • Young age (<30)
  • Hx of cardiac arrest
22
Q

How is restrictive CM characterized?

A

By non-dilated, non-hypertrophied ventricles w/ impaired LV filling

  • LV wall thickness may be increased by infiltrative dz
  • Bi-atrial enlargement
23
Q

What CM resembles constrictive pericarditis?

A

Restrictive CM

24
Q

What is the MC of restrictive CM?

A
  • Worldwide = Loeffler Eosinophilic Endocardial

- U.S. = Amyloidosis

25
Q

How is cardiac amyloidosis characterized?

A

By multisystem deposition of amyloid fibrils

26
Q

Define: amyloidosis

A

A systemic disease, w/ infiltration being common

27
Q

What is commonly seen in cardiac amyloidosis?

A
  • Periorbital purpura

- Cardiac cachexia

28
Q

How is myocarditis characterized?

A

By inflammation of myocardium

29
Q

Define: Dallas Criteria

A

Inflammatory infiltrate of the myocardium w/ necrosis &/or degeneration of adjacent myocytes not typical of the ischemic damage associated w/ CAD

30
Q

What is the px of myocarditis?

A
  • 1/3 develop dilated CM
  • Most w/ mild sx will recover
  • Postpartum CM has mortality rates as high as 50% at 1 yr