Flashcards in Cardiology-AACN Deck (42)
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1
volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute
cardiac output
2
what is the normal CO
4-8L/min
3
volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
stroke volume
4
Preload or ___ ___ volume
end diastolic
5
How do you assess preload
RV: CVP/ RA pressure
normal: 2-6mmHg
LV: PAWP/ LA pressure
normal 6-12 mmHG
6
How to reduce preload
diuretics/ vasodilators
7
How to increase preload
volume/ vasoconstriction of venous blood and increases return to RIGHT heart
8
the pressure the ventricle must generate to open the semilunar valve and eject its contents
afterload
9
Reflects the overall resistance or impedance to systolic ejection into the entire systemic circulation
SVR or LV afterload
10
the greatest resistance to flow lies in the:
small arteries and arterioles
11
Formula for SVR
80 x (MAP-RAP)/CO
12
Reduction of afterload meds
Vasodilators:
Nitro, Nicardapene, Hydralazine, Lordalil, Ca Channel blockers,
sodium nitroprusside, Ace inhibitors
13
Increase afterload med
Pressors: Epi, Phenylephrine, Levo, Dopamine, Vasopressin
14
Normal SVR
800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5
15
Causes of increased SVR
volume infusions, peripheral vasoconstriction, Low CO states, hypothermia, increased blood viscosity, hypovolemia, vasopressors, LV failure, alpha-adrenergic agents
16
Causes of decreased SVR
diuretics, peripheral vasodilation, vasodilators, hyperdynamic phase of sepsis
17
Pulmonare vascular resistance indicative of
RV afterload
18
resistance or impedance to right ventricular ejection into the pulmonary vasculature
Pulmonary vascular resistance
19
formular for PVR
80 x (MPAP-PAOP)/ CO
20
Normal PVR
<250 dynes/se/cm-5
21
Causes of increased PVR
hypoxia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, pulmonary emboli, congenital heart defect, pulmonary hypertension , sepsis, valvular heart disease
22
causes of decreased PVR
vasodilator therapy- prostaglandins/ correction of hypoxia
23
ability of the heart to modulate its contractile performance independant of preload and afterload
contractility
24
Normal range of pulmonary artery pressure
15-25/0-8 mmHg
25
Pulmonary artery pressure high readings reasons:
primary pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease
26
pulmonary
Pulmonary artery pressure low readings reasons:
hypovolemia, vasodilator therapy
27
average pressure in the circuit during systole and diastole
mean arterial pressure
28
Normal MAP
70-105
29
average pressure in the pulmonary circuit during systole and diastole
mean pulmonary artery pressure
30
