Cardiac Path 1 (Pericarditis/Myocarditis) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cardiac Path 1 (Pericarditis/Myocarditis) Deck (29)
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1
Q
  • A term used to describe inflammation of the pericardium (either visceral or parietal layers)
  • inflammation of one usually causes an inflammation of the other
A

Pericarditis

2
Q

_________ is most often associated with other infections of the heart, such as a Myocarditis, or infections involving the thoracic cavity (Tuberculosis).

A

Pericarditis

3
Q

Which disease can be caused by:

  • bacteria, viruses and rarely fungi
  • metabolic waste products that accumulate in the blood in chronic renal failure leading to Uremia
A

Pericarditis

4
Q

Pericarditis-

Trauma and radiation injury may also cause a ________ inflammation, along with open heart surgery

A

Sterile inflammation

5
Q

Pathologically, _________ is always associated with exudation of fluid into the pericardial sac

A

Pericarditis

6
Q

The fluid in the pericardial sac is clear yellow in __________ pericarditis, as in viral infections

A

serous pericarditis

7
Q

Pericarditis:

  • Purulent exudate is a hallmark of ________ infections
  • This type of infection can be caused by which organisms?
A

Bacterial infections–>This is called Bacterial (suppurative) pericarditis

Caused by pus forming bacteria such as Staph or Strept

8
Q

Pericarditis:

________ exudate is associated with more severe damage, such as in Rheumatic Fever or in early bacterial infections

A

Serofibrinous

9
Q

In a _________ pericarditis, the surface of the heart is covered with shaggy, yellowish layers of fibrin that bridges the space between the two layers of the pericardial sac, obliterating the cavity

A

Fibrinous

10
Q

In which pericarditis do the epicardium and pericardium resembe bread and butter taken apart?

A

Fibrinous pericarditis

11
Q

Which Pericarditis?

A

Fibrous (Adhesive) Pericarditis

12
Q

Definition of what?

  • An acute inflammation of the myocardium typically caused by viruses.
  • Can occur as a primary disease or due to a secondary disorder (I.e. Rheumatic Myocarditis due to Rheumatic Fever, Lupus, or other autoimmune diseases)
A

Myocarditis

13
Q

In Myocarditis, over 80% of cases are caused by viruses, most often due to ________

-Can also be caused by fungi and parasites

A

******Coxsackie B virus *******

14
Q

What is the most common cause of Myocarditis?

A

****Coxsackie B virus****

(This will be an exam question!)

15
Q

Can bacteria cause Myocarditis?

A

Bacterial Myocarditis is relatively rare, usually due to a secondary disorder (i.e. Diphtheria, Meningococcus, and Staph Endocarditis).

16
Q

What condition?

Other causes include a radiation reaction, hypersensitivity reactions (i.e SLE, Scleroderma, RF) and Sarcoidosis.

A

Myocarditis

17
Q

In viral myocarditis, where does the virus invade in order to survive?

A

The viruses cannot survive outside the cells, so they invade the myocardium to survive

18
Q

What causes myocardial disease (Myocarditis) in the following way:

  • In the myocardial cells, _____ damage the vital cell organelles and cause cell death
  • This weakens the myocardium and contributes to heart failure.
  • Also, the myocardium is invaded by T-Lymphocytes that are attracted there by the _____. The T-lymphocytes secrete lymphokines such as Interleukins and TNF.
A

Viruses

19
Q

The ______ are supposed to kill the virus, but they also destroy the virus-infected myocardial cells, also contributing to the heart failure.

A

Lymphokines

20
Q

Which condition do pathologists describe the pathology as “Tiger Effect”

A

Viral myocarditis

21
Q

Which condition has the following pathology?

-The pathology relates to pale and congested areas with mild hypertrophy, along with biventricular dilatation and generalized hypokinesis of the myocardium.(Tiger Effect)

A

Viral myocarditis

22
Q

The hearts of patients dying of Myocarditis are usually _____ and ______

A

Flabby and dilated

23
Q

Histology of what condition:

  • a patchy, diffuse interstitial infiltrate principally composed of T-Lymphocytes and macrophages.
  • The inflammatory cells often surround individual myocytes with focal or patchy acute myocyte necrosis.
A

The histology of viral myocarditis

24
Q

Clinically, the symptoms of viral myocarditis usually begin ______ after the infection.

A

A few weeks

25
Q

clinical presentation of_______ :

  • mild fever
  • shortness of breath
  • malaise
  • signs of heart failure (if severe or chronic)–> tachycardia, peripheral cyanosis, pulmonary edema
A

Myocarditis

26
Q

Does myocarditis affect men or women more?

A

2x more males than females

27
Q

What is the prognosis of myocarditis

A

Despite extensive inflammation, most recover from acute myocarditis

-although a few die from CHF or arrhythmias.

28
Q

How do you diagnose Myocarditis?

A

Endomyocardial Biopsy

29
Q

How do you treat myocarditis?

A

no specific treatment for viral myocarditis, and supportive measures are needed.