Cardiac enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
MI
A
- Temporary diminished supply of blood to myocardium –> reversible effects
- 1 cause of chest pain
2
Q
MI cause
A
Obstruction or constriction of coronary vessels
3
Q
Myocardial ischemia
A
May develop:
- Slowly as aa become obstructed over time
- Quickly when artery becomes suddenly obstructed
4
Q
Myocardial ischemia causes
A
- Coronary artery disease = most common
- Blood clot
- Coronary artery spasm
5
Q
CAD
A
- Plaques comprised of cholesterol which builds up in arterial wall
- Blood flow restricted &/or rupture of plaques –> blood clot
6
Q
Blood clot
A
- Plaque builds up, ruptures –> localized clot
- May travel to coronary aa from another area of body (rare)
7
Q
Coronary artery spasm
A
Arterial wall spasm –> temporary interruption of blood flow
8
Q
MI sx
A
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Nausea
- Pain radiating to neck, arms, back
- Epigastric pain
- Fatigue/ weakness
- Dizziness
- Impeding sense of doom
9
Q
What type of patients present atypically w/ an MI?
A
- Elderly
- Females
- Diabetics
10
Q
Acute MI
A
Myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia
11
Q
Tall T waves
A
- Earliest change seen in acute MI
- Most often seen in anterior chest leads
12
Q
Flattened T waves
A
Often seen in pts w/ myocardial ischemia, but often non-specific
13
Q
Q waves
A
Typically seen in left-sided leads
14
Q
Pathological Q waves
A
- > 40 ms wide
- > 2 mm
- 25% of depth of QRS
- Seen in leads V1-3
15
Q
Pathological Q wave differential
A
- MI
- Cardiomyopathies
- Rotation of heart
- Lead placement errors
16
Q
Intracellular enzymes & proteins
A
- Creatine kinase (CK or total CK)
- Creatine kinase myoglobin (CK-MB)
- Myoglobin (MB)
- Troponin **
17
Q
CK
A
Released w/ brain or muscle injury