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child health diploma > Cancer > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cancer Deck (14)
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1
Q

Different from adults

A

1 >80% survive

And No screening

2
Q

Common childhood cancers

A

Leukemia 30%
brain tumors
Solid tumors

3
Q

Leukemia

A

ALL 80%
AML 20%
ALL 75% cured

4
Q

ALL

A

Present with anaemia, bruising, fever, bone pain, HMG,SMG lymphadenopathy

5
Q

Dd of ALL

A
ITP
Neutropenia 
Infectious mononucleosis 
Infection with lymphadenopathy 
Other tumors withBM involvment
6
Q

AML

A

20% of all the leukemia
More serious than ALL
Presentation similar to ALL
50% need BM transplantion

7
Q

Brain tumors

A
2nd most common cancer in childhood 
Most deaths in childhood
Post Fossa is the common site 
Younger children embryonic tumors 
Presentation fused /non fused sutures
Fused  headache, vomiting raised ICP seizures, diplopia 
Non fused
HC increased, FTT, irritable, change in gait or balance 
Can present  with head tilt
8
Q

Treatment of brain tumors

A

Radiation
Surgery excision shunt for hydrocephalus
Chemo

9
Q

Radiation of the brain has lots of side effect

A

1 neuro endocrine eg Growth hormone, puberty, thyroid
2 neuro cognition eg IQ and attention span reduced
3 hearing
4 carcinogenic 2ary brain tumors from the radiation

10
Q

Solid tumors

A

Neuroblastoma
Sick child ,adrenal tumor ( abdo mostly but can go thorax, pelvis)
Poor prognosis for most
MIGB scan

Wilms tumor 1-7years
Kidney tumor
Presentation abdo mass in a well child Haematuria / metastasis

11
Q

Dd a mass in the abdo of a child

A

1 wilms tumor kidney /haematuria
2 neuroblastoma urinary catecholamines
3 germ cell aFP levels

12
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Older child/teenagers
Neck mass/mediastinal mass
Fevers/ weight loss/night sweats
Good prognosis

13
Q

Bone sarcomas

A

1 Ewing’s sarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Adolescents and young adults
70% cure if non metastatic

14
Q

Immunosuppressive
What are the groups of kids who have it 3
How do you treat a fever
Other considerations

A
1 Current cancer treatment 
2Have a central line eg haemohillia 
3Stem cell transplant 
If get a fever >38C need bloods /blood culture 
And iv antibiotics 
If fever persists ? Fungal infection 

Other
Exposure to chicken pox school/family VIG <96hours
HSV oral acyclovir
Bactrim for all pneumocystis pneumonia
DONT give LIVE calcination to pt on chemotherpay
Need revaccination post treatment 6/12
Meningococcal B 12/12