Are Dromedary and Bacterian Old World or New World Camelids?
Old world
Old World Camelid, with one hump, from the Arabian desert
Dromedary
Old World, two-humped camel from the Mongolian deserts
Bacterian
What are the three New World Lamas?
Llama, Alpaca, Guanaco
New World camelid that is its own species
Vicunas (tiny antelope type)
What is the term for a group of females housed together?
Harem
Are alpacas or llamas softer?
Alpacas are softer
What is the rarest camelid?
Suri
What is the “classical llama”?
Ccara Llama
The most common alapaca, hardy with crimped fiber
Huacaya
Minority alpaca with straight fiber
Suri
What alpacas provide the finest fleeces?
Yearling alpacas
What type of estrous cycle do camelids have?
Polyestrous
What is the age of puberty for a female llama vs alpaca?
Llama 6-12 months
Alpaca 1 year
What is the age of puberty for a male llama vs alpaca?
Both 2-3 years old
What is the age for first breeding?
2.5-3.5 years
What is the frequency of the estrous cycle?
8-12 days
What is the duration of estrus?
4-5 days
Twinning is more common in llamas or alpacas?
Llama
What is weaning age?
5-6 months
What is the most common method of reproduction?
Live Cover
What horn do you transcervically artificially inseminate?
Left uterine horn
What stage of parturition lasts 1-6 hours and may involve humming, frequent visits to dung pile, lying down
Stage 1
Stage of parturition that lasts 20-30 minutes, but no longer than an hour, birth standing and do NOT lick cria.
Stage 2
Stage of parturition that lasts 1-6 hours, mothers do not eat placenta
Stage 3
Dystocia in camelids is rare, but may occur due to what 3 conditions?
Malpositioning
Poor Cervical Dilation
Uterine Torsion
Grain should not be fed before ___ ____ of age
3 months
Too much attention and bottle feeding crias may result in what syndrom?
Berserk Male Syndrome (BMS or Aberrant Behaviour Syndrome)
What is the percentage of body weight crias should gain in the first 24 hours?
10-20%
What teeth are the fighting teeth?
Permanent upper incisors, upper and lower canines
What teeth may females or castrated males not have?
Permanent canines
What teeth rarely erupt in females and only 5% of males?
Deciduous canines
True or false, routine floating is recommended
False
What type of ruminants are camelids?
Modified ruminants, 3 compartment stomach
True or false, camelids can be fed oats
False
The barbs on oats can cause ulcers
True or False, camelids have a low protein requirement
True
What mineral are camelids sensitive to and could have toxicity complications from?
Copper
What mineral deficiency may present as dermatitis?
Zinc deficiency
What ar the two techniques used for blood draws?
High jug and low jug
What technique decreases chances of arterial blood collection?
High jugular
What is the technique for a high jug blood collection?
Head perpendicular to the cervical vertebrae and palpate the sternomandibularis tendon, insert the needle just dorsal and caudal
What is the technique for a low jug blood collection?
Elevate head and insert needle just medial to enlarged transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebrae. Be careful to avoid the carotid artery
Where is arterial blood sampling performed?
low jug
Where do you clip for a liver biopsy?
Ninth intercostal space about 9-10 inches from the top of the back to the right side
Where is the tube placed for administering oral medications?
Interdental space and advanced into the caudal aspect of the mouth. Avoid medicating into cheek pouch due to ulcers
What muscles should be avoided in camelids for IM injections?
Neck muscles
Medication should be administered towards _____
The heart
Where are SQ injections given?
Cranial to shoulder and caudal to elbow
What is the fasting protocol for animals over 4 months of age?
No food for 12-18 hours, unlimited access to water
What is the fasting protocol for animals younger than 4 months of age?
Not recommended, supplement with dextrose
What is the most common complication of general anesthesia?
Nasal edema
When are males castrated?
2 years +
What are the complications associated with castrating before the age of 2?
Straight hindlegs, lateral patellar luxation, degenerative osteoarthritis in the stifles
Why is heat stress more often seen in llamas?
double coat
GI parasitism, malnutrition, negative energy balance and stress are all pre-disposing factors of what?
Hepatic lipidosis
Normally secondary and associated with high mortality, obese and emaciated animals
Hepatic lipidosis
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is what?
Meningeal worm
What is the treatment for stomach ulcers?
Reducing acid production and increasing pH, pantoprazole SQ or IV used as treatment or prophylaxis