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Flashcards in CAL: common cardiac diseases Deck (25)
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1
Q

What is this?

A

Mitral valve leaflet

2
Q

Which aortic arch becomes the root of the aorta in development?

A

the Left 4th aortic arch (the right 4th disappears)

3
Q

What happens if the 4th right aortic arch persists?

A

the connection of the right fourth aortic arch and the pulmonary artery (ligamentum arteriosum) encloses both the trachea and the oesophagus to give the condition known as a Persistent Right Aortic Arch (PRAA)

4
Q

Clinical signs - PRAA

A

At weaning, the ligamentum arteriosum prevents the passage of solid foood from oesophagus to stomach –> regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia

5
Q

What is another name for degenerative (myxomatous) MVD?

A

endocardiosis

6
Q

What is endocardiosis?

A

swelling with distortion of the mitral valve leaflets with rounded appearance of LV and evidence of ‘jet lesions’

7
Q

PE - endocardiosis

A

loud systolic murmur over the left apex.

8
Q

What is a ‘flail’ mitral valve leaflet?

A

where a ruptured chorda tendineae allows the tip of the mitral leaflet to flail back into the left atrium.

9
Q

Is aortic/subaortic stenosis a congenital or acquired defect?

A

Congenital

10
Q

What is aortic stenosis?

A

A thick fibrous band is present just ventral to the aortic valve leaflets.

11
Q

Clinical signs - aortic stenosis

A

Mild - normal to owner.

Severe - syncope and sudden death possible.

12
Q

PE - aortic stenosis

A

loud systolic mumur over left heart base

13
Q

What can occur secondary to large vegetations on the mitral valve?

A

Abscesses or infarction in otehr organs. Septic arthritis. Due to septic emboli breaking off.

14
Q

What cardiac conditions are associated with a thrombus in the aortic trifurcation?

A

cardiomyopathies with LA enlargement

15
Q

What is the most likely Dx for LV hypertrophy?

A

HCM

16
Q

What does SAM stand for?

A

systolic anterior motion - can describe abnormal movement of the mitral valve leaflet towards the interventricular septum which obstructs the left ventricular outflow tract.

17
Q

How can PDA be diagnosied?

A

an angiographic catheter is positioned in the ascending aorta and radiographic contrast agent is injected opacifying the aorta and ductus arteriosus

18
Q

What can be used to occlude the pulmonary artery end of a PDA?

A

an Amplatz occluder.

19
Q

How thick should the RV free wall be?

A

0.3 times the thickness of the LV free wall

20
Q

What are the 2 main causes of RV hypertrophy?

A

Pulmonic stenosis and pulmonary hypertension

21
Q

Clinical signs - VSD - 2

A

cyanosis

breathlessness with exertion

22
Q

What might accompany an HSA mass in the heart?

A

Pericardial effusion - the tumour may bleed into the pericardium causing pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Arrhythmias may also occur.

23
Q

What would the FS% be in DCM?

A

reduced to less than 20%

24
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis for generalised cardiac enlargement with more pronounced LA enlargement and pulmonary infiltrates?

A

DCM

25
Q

What syndrome do adult dirofilaria in the RA cause?

A

Caval syndrome