C2 - Structure & Bonding Flashcards

0
Q

How do the elements in group 1 bond with elements in group 7?

A

The Group 1 element loses an electron to become stable. This electron is given to the Group 7 element which also becomes stable.

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1
Q

How do elements form compounds?

A

Elements react by gaining, losing or sharing electrons.

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2
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Sharing electrons to form a compound.

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3
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

The transfer of electrons to form a compound.

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4
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom

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5
Q

What charge does a Group 1 ion have?

A

Positive

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6
Q

What elements react in ionic bonding?

A

Metal with a non-metal

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7
Q

How are ionic compounds held together?

A

Strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.

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8
Q

Which groups’ elements form ions?

A

1,2,6,7

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9
Q

How are the charged particles arranged as a result of ionic bonding?

A

Giant structure

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10
Q

Why are the ions in a giant structure held so strongly together?

A

The force exerted by an ion on the other ions is equal in all directions.

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11
Q

What is the structure of a giant stucture?

A

Regular arrangements

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12
Q

How are atoms in ionic bonds represented?

A

Dot and cross diagram

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13
Q

What does the formula of an ionic compound show?

A

The ratio of ions present.

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14
Q

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?

A

Zero

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15
Q

What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?

A

OH^-

16
Q

What is the formula for a nitrate ion?

A

NO3^-

17
Q

What is the formula for a carbonate ion?

A

CO3^2-

18
Q

What is the formula for a sulfate ion?

A

SO4^2-

19
Q

When are brackets needed in a formula?

A

When there is more than one type of atom in the ion being multiplied.

20
Q

How are covalent bonds formed?

A

When atoms share pairs of electrons.

21
Q

What types of substances have covalent bonds?

A

Simple molecules or giant covalent structures.

22
Q

What types of elements use covalent bonding?

A

Non-metals.

23
Q

Give two examples of giant covalent structures.

A
  • Diamond

- Silicon dioxide

24
Q

How are atoms in metals arranged?

A

They are closely packed together and arranged in regular layers.

25
Q

How are atoms in metals held together?

A

Metallic bonding is positively charged metal ions held together by electrons in the outermost shell of each atom. The delocalised electrons con move throughout the lattice.

26
Q

What purpose do the delocalised electrons play in metallic bonding?

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions bond the metal ions.