c.1500 - c.1700: The Medical Renaissance Flashcards Preview

History - Medicine in Britain > c.1500 - c.1700: The Medical Renaissance > Flashcards

Flashcards in c.1500 - c.1700: The Medical Renaissance Deck (34)
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1
Q

What were the continuing ideas about causes?

A
  • Four Humours and Theory of Opposites
  • Miasma
  • Religious ideas
2
Q

Why did ideas about causes develop?

A

People were being encouraged to examine the body themselves to get their own ideas about how the body worked

3
Q

What was the difference in ideas of causes between citizens and physicians?

A
  • Citizens tended to believe in the Four Humours and Miasma more
  • Physicians were starting to question ideas as they started to explore their own ideas
4
Q

Was the influence of the church still as prominent?

A

No. Protestantism was becoming more influential so although religion was still important, they did not control medical teaching as much

5
Q

When was the College of Physicians set up?

A

1518

6
Q

What were the key parts of medical training?

A
  • Reading books by Galen
  • Studying recent medical developments
  • Dissection
7
Q

What did the College of Physicians encourage?

A

Licensing to stop the influence of Quack doctors

8
Q

What was a Quack doctor?

A

A doctor who sold fake medicines

9
Q

How did exploration affect medicine?

A

Newer medications could be bought back from abroad such as guaiacum for syphilis and ipecac which is an emetic

10
Q

When did Henry VIII close the monasteries?

A

1530s

11
Q

Why did the dissolution of the monasteries affect hospitals?

A

Many hospitals were run by the monasteries so many hospitals were shut down which was bad for people’s health

12
Q

What were the monastic hospitals replaced with?

A

Free hospitals that were paid for by charitable donations which were run by trained physicians and focused on treatment of illnesses

13
Q

Who was Vesalius?

A

An Italian medical professor born in 1514 that believed successful surgery would only be possible with a proper understanding of the anatomy

14
Q

How did Vesalius study the anatomy closely?

A

He performed dissections on executed criminals

15
Q

Which books did Vesalius write?

A

Six Anatomical Pictures - 1538

The Fabric of the Human Body - 1543

16
Q

What did Vesalius influence?

A
  • Encouraged others to question Galen

- Showed that dissection was important

17
Q

Did Vesalius’ work have an immediate effect?

A

No. His works were distributed by the printing press but he set the foundations for further medical developments

18
Q

Who was Thomas Sydenham?

A

A renaissance physician who worked in London

19
Q

What did Sydenham believe about diagnosis?

A

That different types of diseases could be discovered using patient’s symptoms rather than treating the symptoms individually

20
Q

What did Sydenham write?

A

Observationes Medicae - 1676
It was used as a textbook for 200 years and had detailed descriptions of conditions like gout to help other physicians make diagnoses

21
Q

Who was William Harvey?

A

Worked in London at the Royal College of Physicians born in 1578

22
Q

What was believed about the blood before Harvey?

A
  • Purple blood produced in the liver and then flowing up through the veins to the rest of the body were it was consumed
  • Bright red blood produced in the lungs and flowed through arteries to the body where it was consumed
23
Q

What gave Harvey the comparison?

A

A new water pump had been invented around Harvey’s birth which gave inspiration

24
Q

What did Harvey discovery?

A

That blood must circulate around the body

25
Q

What could not have been done without Harvey’s discovery?

A
  • Transfusions

- Complex surgery

26
Q

What did Harvey show about Vesalius?

A

That Vesalius was right about the importance of dissection

27
Q

What impact did Harvey’s discovery have?

A

No one believed him so took a long time for it to have an effect. Bloodletting also continued even after Harvey proved it was wrong.

28
Q

When was the printing press set up?

A

1440

29
Q

What were the effects of the printing press?

A
  • Students in universities could have their own textbooks to study further
  • New ideas could be spread more easily and quickly
  • People could read what they wanted and start to question what was originally believed
30
Q

When was the Royal Society set up?

A

1660

31
Q

Why did the Royal Society have high status?

A

It was supported by King Charles II

32
Q

What was the Royal Society’s motto?

A

Nullius in verba - take no-one’s world for it

33
Q

What was the scientific journal released by the Royal Society?

A

Philosophical Transactions which allowed people to read about new inventions and discoveries

34
Q

Which book did the Royal Society publish and when?

A

Micrographia by Robert Hook which showed drawings done using a microscope in 1665