C11: Lymphatics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in C11: Lymphatics Deck (39)
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1
Q

What is the lymphatic system

A

Drainage system that returns extra cellular fluid into the blood stream

2
Q

What are the 3 types of extra cellular fluid

A

Plasma
Interstitial
Lymph

3
Q

Describe plasma. Where is it found

A
  • colourless fluid found in blood

- seeps through capillary walls into tissue…

4
Q

Describe interstitial fluid. Where is it found

A

-plasma that has seeped through the capillary walls into body tissue

5
Q

Describe lymph. Where is it found

A

-fluid that was once in the body tissue but has now entered the lymphatic ducts

6
Q

How is the lymphatic system different from circulatory system

A
  • no pump
  • flow is only in 1 direction
  • contains lymph nodes
7
Q

The lymphatic system courses along which other body system

A

Circulatory

8
Q

The lymphatic sys consists of which structures

A
  • capillaries
  • vessels
  • ducts
  • nodes
9
Q

Describe lymphatic capillaries… where are they found

A
  • Blind ended structures found in interstitial spaces… there walls are 1 endothelial later thick
  • capillaries join together to form larger vessels
10
Q

Do lymph vessels have valves?

A

Yes

11
Q

Describe the flow of lymph from the superficial vessels to the bloodstream

A
  • superficial vessels at the subcutaneous level drain into the deep lymphatic vessels…
  • the lymph in the deep vessels pass through the lymph nodes and travel towards the chest
  • once at the chest the lymph re-enters the bloodstream
12
Q

Lymph nodes are part of which larger body system

A

RE system

13
Q

Where are lymph nodes located

How large are they normally

A

In clusters around the lymph vessels throughout the body

  • measures 1 mm to 1-2 cm
14
Q

Do lymph nodes have a capsule?

A

Yes

Made out of connective tissue

15
Q

Describe the anatomy of a lymph node

A
  • contains afferent vessels and efferent vessels
  • has a capsule
  • contains a sinus and germinal centres w/in the sinus
16
Q

Describe the afferent lymph node vessels

A

-drain lymph into the node and carry it through the sinuses which are lined with phagocytic cells

17
Q

What’s the function of the phagocytic cells found in the sinus of the lymph node

A

Filter out and destroy bacterial and cancer cells

18
Q

What’s the function of the germinal cells found in the node

A

-produce lymphocytes which it empties into the lymph before it leaves the node

19
Q

Do the afferent vessels have multiple entry points into the node?
What about the efferent vessels

A

Afferent: multiple entry sites

Efferent: exit only at the hilum and carry lymph out of the node

20
Q

Are lymph nodes often the site of primary disease?

A

No

21
Q

When is secondary disease sometimes seen in lymph node

A

W/ systemic infection and many neoplasms

22
Q

Where are the 2 major lymph bearing areas in the retroperitoneum

A
  • iliac and hypogastric areas/pelvis

- para-aortic/upper retroperitoneum

23
Q

List 3 other areas that contain lymphatic tissue

A
  • tonsils
  • thymus (produces antibodies b4 puberty and produces lymphocytes)
  • spleen
24
Q

Does the lymphatic system have both deep and superficial channels of drainage

A

Yes

25
Q

List the groups of nodes found at key locations

A
  • axillary
  • cervical
  • inguinal
  • intestinal
26
Q

What name refers to the intestinal lymph nodes

A

Peyer’s patch

27
Q

The R lymphatic duct drains which area(s) of the body

A

RUQ

28
Q

The L lymphatic duct drains which area(s) of the body

Another name for the L lymphatic duct

A

3/4 of the body

-thoracic duct

29
Q

Where does the lymph drain back into the blood stream

A

@ the junction of the subclavian vein and IJV

30
Q

Does lymph have a higher of lower albumin ratio that blood plasma?

What type of blood cells does it contain? Which does it not?

Does it contain digestive enzymes?

A
  • higher ratio
  • has small amount of WBCs but no RBCs
  • yes to digestive enzymes
31
Q

Describe lymph flow…. what does it depend on

A
  • slow when resting

- depends on contraction of muscles…. valves in larger vessels to prevent back flow

32
Q

List the functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • phagocytosis
  • immunity
  • tissue drainage
  • excretion
33
Q

How does the lymphatic system carry out excretion

A

Through absorption and circulation of end products of fat digestion

34
Q

Are lymph notes typically seen in the abdo

What’s the AP diameter of abdo lymph nodes and what is there echoexture

A

No

AP: <1 cm

Homogenous (w/ low level echos)

35
Q

What are some pitfalls when scanning lymph nodes

A
  • enlarged para-AO nodes can mimic an aneurysm
  • bowel gas
  • enlarged nodes can make it hard to assess vessels
  • fluid filled areas can hide enlarged lymph nodes
36
Q

What’s it called when enlarged lymph nodes in the para-AO area push the AO anteriorly

A

Floating AO

37
Q

when assessing at the pelvic level, we should be assessing along which muscles?

A

Psoas and iliacus

38
Q

What is the function of albumin

A

Helps maintain osmotic press and fluid balance

39
Q

Enlarged nodes Around the renal hilum can lead to……?

A

Hydronephrosis