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Flashcards in Bureaucracy Deck (46)
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1
Q

Bureaucracy means?

A

refers to an organization with a hierarchical structure and specific responsibilities, which operates on management principles intended to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Bureaucracies exist in businesses, universities, and other organizational contexts; however, the general term bureaucracy is most frequently used to refer to government agencies

2
Q

independent regulatory commissions

A

Organizational entities in the federal government that are not under the control of the president or a department

3
Q

patronage or spoils system

A

A system that rewards the supporters of successful political candidates and parties with government jobs while firing supporters of the opposing party. In earlier eras, government employees throughout the bureaucracy could lose their jobs when a new president was elected from a different political party than his or her own. The same result was true in state and city governments when new governors and mayors were elected. Today new presidents appoint only the top leaders of federal departments and agencies.

4
Q

civil service system

A

federal civil service system. Under this act, applicants for specified federal government jobs were supposed to be tested, demonstrate their qualifications, and keep their jobs based on competent performance rather than political affiliation.

5
Q

Hatch Act

A

Federal law that limits the participation of federal government employees in political campaigns to protect them from feeling obligated to donate money or work for political candidates.

6
Q

rule-making authority

A

Depending on their responsibilities, federal agencies may receive rule-making authority from the statutes that Congress enacts. The rule-making process gives officials in the bureaucracy power over the development of public policy.
Officials in the bureaucracy also create law and policy through rule-making processes for developing, changing, and eliminating regulations.

7
Q

Regulations

A

Legal rules created by government agencies based on authority delegated by the legislature. For example, in order to protect public safety, regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation define how many hours each week truck drivers can be on the road and how many hours of rest they must have between driving shifts.

8
Q

What is the federal bureaucracy

A

The roots of the federal bureaucracy go back to the original U.S. Constitution of 1787. Article I, Section 8, gives Congress the power to enact laws for specified purposes. These include matters such as “lay and collect taxes,” “coin Money,” “establish Post Offices,” and “provide and maintain a Navy.” The president, as the head of the executive branch, is responsible for carrying out the nation’s laws.

9
Q

What do its departments and agencies do?

A

Thus, the founding document explicitly acknowledged that government agencies, called “departments,” would be established to carry out laws and programs.

10
Q

DEPARTMENT

A

Any of the 15 major government agencies responsible for specific policy areas whose heads are usually called secretaries and serve in the president’s cabinet. For example, the U.S. Department of State, led during the Obama administration by Secretary John Kerry, the former U.S. senator from Massachusetts, is responsible for managing relationships with foreign governments and issuing passports to U.S. citizens.

11
Q

Bureaucracy

A

An organization with a hierarchical structure and specific responsibilities intended to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. In government, it refers to departments and agencies in the executive branch. For example, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is an agency in the federal bureaucracy that carries out national tax laws through collection of income taxes and investigation of individuals and businesses that fail to pay the taxes required by the laws created by Congress.

12
Q

What factors help explain the development and growth of the federal bureaucracy

A

Roosevelt administration’s programs to address the Depression and World War II dramatically increased the size of the federal bureaucracy. during the Roosevelt administration (see Figure 8.1). By the end of FDR’s presidency in 1945, not only had the public accepted the federal government’s involvement in a variety of policy issues, but many Americans had come to expect federal action on important matters, eventually including such areas as education and criminal justice, which had traditionally been the exclusive preserve of state and local governments. Moreover, World War II had demonstrated the necessity of combining the War and Navy departments (as well as the newly created Air Force department) within a single structure, the Department of Defense.

13
Q
  1. Study Figure 8.1: Growth in the Size of the Federal Bureaucracy.
A

he New Deal. The Roosevelt administration (1933–1945) contributed enormously to the growth in the federal bureaucracy by initiating various governmental programs, first in response to the Great Depression and later to wage World War II.

14
Q

Study Table 8.2. Which department has the largest number of employees? The second largest?

A

Department of Defense (729,559 civilian employees)

Department of Veterans Affairs (323,208 employees)

15
Q

What is the public’s image of the federal bureaucracy?

A

The popular image of the bureaucracy is of large, impersonal organizations that are inefficient and unresponsive.

16
Q

What are the advantages of bureaucracy?

A

The advantages of a bureaucracy stem from providing organizations with clear lines of authority in which each employee has specific responsibilities and expertise. Ideally, bureaucracies are useful for standardization and consistency in providing government services

17
Q

name the four advantages of ideal bureaucracy

A

Coordination. Accountability. Expertise and Competence. Standardization

18
Q

What are the problems with government bureaucracy?

A

decisions must move through a chain of command, there are obvious risks of delay, including the chance that documents will be misplaced or lost so that new forms must be completed to start a decision-making process all over again.

executive agencies are slow to implement new laws, they can hinder or even undermine the achievement of a president’s policy goals.

When agencies are large bureaucracies, it can be exceptionally difficult to organize, implement, and monitor programs effectively.

19
Q

How does the bureaucracy use information?

A

Congress to use in crafting and approving statutes.

They provide this information both formally and informally.
The range of policy issues is so vast, however, that Congress must inevitably rely on officials in the bureaucracy for important information about many public policies.

20
Q

What opportunities exist for interest groups to influence the rule-making process?

A

The rule-making process also provides opportunities for interest groups to influence regulations. Congress uses oversight mechanisms, such as holding hearings that require testimony from agency officials or enacting new legislation to limit actions by government agencies.

21
Q

How does the bureaucracy enforce its rules and regulations?

A

All three branches of government have the power to subject the bureaucracy to oversight and accountability. The president attempts to oversee, guide, and control the bureaucracy through the supervisory authority of political appointees at the top levels of each agency. These appointees are supposed to monitor the work of subordinates and ensure that officials in each agency, as they produce regulations and implement statutes, are working to advance the president’s preferred interpretations of laws. The threat of sanctions exists, because even though it may be difficult to dismiss civil service employees for most of their actions, the superiors in each agency can affect

22
Q

How do the three branches attempt to hold the bureaucracy accountable?

A

Whistleblowers in the bureaucracy provide information about misconduct within agencies. They are supposed to be protected from retaliation because they are helping to enhance accountability by calling attention to agencies’ failings.

23
Q

EOP of president trump

A
  • Council of Economic Advisers
  • Domestic Policy Council
  • National Economic Council
  • National Security Council
  • Office of Administration
  • Office of Management and Budget
  • Office of National Drug Control Policy
  • Office of Science and Technology Policy
  • Office of the United States Trade Representative
  • President’s Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Oversight Board
  • White House Military Office
  • White House Office
24
Q

The treaty power ended?

A

ww1 and ww2 with senate 2/3rd vote

25
Q

Washington went to senate?

A

senate with a series of questions, senate referred wash. To a committee, he said this is a waste of time, defeats every purpose of my coming here. He never went back again, and no president has ever gone to senate since. Set a precedent.
We don’t always follow what constitution says

26
Q

The president is free to do what he wants without advice it is not binding unless

A

it is not binding unless the senate ratifies it 2/3 vote super majority.

27
Q

Why did the framers jack it up to a 2/3 vote? treaty

A

it up to a 2/3 vote? make sure treaty would endure. Promotes continuity.

28
Q

example of president doing what he wants Washington? J treaty?

A

J treaty settled outstanding issues with Britain. John J sent to Britain for Washington. Embroiled in public controversy. House demanded Washington to turn over documents. Negotiations, Washington refuses to turn over documents.
President with hold documents. Executive privilege. Set a precedent.

29
Q

Nixon said he didn’t have to turn over tapes

A

Nixon said he didn’t have to turn over tapes, sorry you do have to turn over tapes. Use to be informal power now it’s a formal power. Trump is claiming executive privilege to turn over documents. Pelosi is going to use it as another impeachment count. Nixon said It’s not illegal when the president does it.

30
Q

Abrogating a treaty

A

means cancelling a treaty.

Jimmy Carter abrogated treaty with Taiwan.

31
Q

Senators took to court. Goldwater vs. carter.

A

Senators took to court. Goldwater vs. carter. Put brakes on, said political question, called
Political doctrine wouldn’t rule on it. Supreme court, it was a political battle, we won’t rule.
Carter won. No direct way to abrogate a treaty. Informal power. No direct check. But other
Checks in the background.

32
Q

presidents ambassadors

A

Ambassador, official representative of USA to another representative to another country abroad. Senate only has to approve, simple majority. Terms of ambassador serve at pleasure of the president. Constitution is sparse on this.

33
Q

Obama example of ambassador

A

Obamas ambassador for china, wanted to get him out of country.

34
Q

hormel example ambassador

A

Hormel, Clinton nominee to Luxembourg Tiny little nation. We don’t have much to do with
This country. Chose a supporter, reward them. Not Moscow, Beijing. Name is submitted to
A committee, foreign relations committee scrutiny hearing and a vote. Lopsided vote in favor
majority leader has control over agenda, schedules, etc. not going to bring it to a vote.
Re nominates him again in the next congress. Lott says again no floor vote. He is openly gay. Hormel gets his money to weeny fortune.
President can make a recess appointment. Hormel got 6 months as Luxembourg Ambassador.
Trent Locke, House majority Leader hated gays at Strong Thurman birthday party. Later resigned.

35
Q

powers with no direct checks?

A

pardon power, abrogate treaties and receive foreign nations.

36
Q

presidential powers to receive other foreign ambassadors

A

The power of recognition, to recognize or not
Checks, does the senate have to get involved? No direct check, his call alone.
No direct check but checks in always in the background.

37
Q

example of non recognition china

A

Communism had captured control of china; Truman puts in place power of non-recognition.
Isolate and put down communism no ambassadors, no trade, hostile policy, china does not exist

Nixon inherits Truman’s, not working, he wants to normalize diplomatic relations. It has been in effect for the past 20 years. Bring on ping pong players. USA was not allowed to travel there.

Nixon travel meets the leader, and world’s biggest mass murderer. Nixon had built his career on anti-communism.

38
Q

example of non recognition

A

Cuba, Castro takes control. Eisenhower diplomatic recognizes Castro as legitimate. He withdrew recognition, to show USA displeasure with what nation is doing. It was in effect for over 50 years. Non recognition usually doesn’t succeed.

  1. Obamas wanted to reverse it; it doesn’t happen overnight. Trump has mixed messages.
39
Q

Commander and chief power

A

The framers of war powers congress would have power to declare war president is commander and chief. 1787

Was formal and narrow. Written in constitution. Narrow because president can’t exercise until congress declares war.

40
Q

The presidential war making power,

A

has been stretched it is informal and very broad.

41
Q

why do we accept war marking power of president?

A

because of precedent, Washington did it first, as citizens we get used to it

Because sometimes congress accepts it because of resolutions,

Technology of modern war fare missiles Intercontinental ballistic missiles. ICBM only 15 minutes
Mobile land base missiles, in ground, submarine. We are toast Vandenberg.

42
Q

Vietnam case study

A

Napone bombs that burn your flesh deeply. fleeing in terror. Executions. College students killed for protesting the war.

43
Q

article Johnson

A

Lyndon in a personal way. Supporting evidence, his characteristics fuel war. What was he like?
Dominant Johnson treatment: he will bore right into your face. The scar of his recent surgery.
Foot stool, humiliation defecating in bathroom. Loyalty. Big ego takes the war personally! Deception! There are a couple more review.

44
Q

formal and informal powers of presidency

A

Formal and informal powers of the presidency some are written down and some are not
Not written down such as the power of persuasion.

45
Q

4th branch

A

nobody can control the 4th branch
challenges
every president
none of the above

46
Q

congress has

A

fingers all in executive branch