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Flashcards in BS Deck (480)
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0
Q

Which of the following would NOT cause a change in enthalpy A an increase in the velocity of the air movement B a decrease in the relative humidity C an increase in the dry bulb temp D and increase in the absolute moisture content

A

A

1
Q

CLTD approximates the effects of which of the following I radiation II conduction III convection IV latent heat

A

I, II

2
Q

The minimum exit corridor width is ____

A

44”

3
Q

A degree day is directly related to I the weather in an area over a period of time II a reference temperature III a design day

A

I, II

4
Q

What is the logarithmic measure of the intensity of a sound relative to a reference intensity in watts/m^2 or watts/cm^2? A. IL B SPL C STC D NC

A

A

5
Q

The max acceptable IL for a hospital is ____

A

40dB

6
Q

If the street main provides 100 psi and there is a loss of 10 psi due to friction between the street and the building, a faucet can be placed _____ feet high if the required pressure at the fixture is 10psi

A

184 feet (100psi-10 psi for friction=90psi-10 psi required by the faucet = 80psi x 2.3 ft/psi=184 feet

7
Q

Sustainable design is primarily concerned w/which of the following issues: I. Economics II. Aesthetics III. Environment IV. Mechanical

A

All of the above

8
Q

The Natural Step is an approach to the environment that follows which of the following principles: I. The biosphere affecting humans is a relatively stable and resilient zone that includes 5 miles into the earth’s crust and 5 miles into the trophosphere II. Improved technologies have dramatically increased the number & quantity of available natural resources III. Toxic substances released into either the sea or atmosphere will only influence areas adjacent to the toxic source. IV. Using building materials that are recycled is an adequate sustainable design approach.

A

None of hte above

9
Q

Which of the following systems can be combined with a four-pipe hydronic system? A Double duct B Multi-zone C Fan coil D unitary

A

C

10
Q

If a wet standpipe system is installed, every point on every floor must be within how many feet of a connection? A 75’ B 130’ C 150’ D 200’

A

B

11
Q

Which of the following are true about fluorescent lighting? I fluorescent lighting is more efficient than incandescent lighting II Fluorescent lighting can have different CRI ratings depending on the phosphors III Fluorescent lighting does not run on 12 volt DC current

A

I, II, III

12
Q

What criteria are used in specifying the maximum noise level in a given space under a given set of conditions? A PWL B NRC C NC D NR

A

C

13
Q

The maximum usable speed of an elevator is generally limited by A considerations of safety B car capacity C counterweight/load ration D building height

A

D

14
Q

Which of the following is contributed to the environment by a tea pot boiling on a stove A sensible heat B convection C latent heat D all of the above

A

D

15
Q

If the MRT is low, which way does the comfort zone shift? I towards higher ambient temperatures, II Toward lower ambient temperatures III Toward lower relative humidities

A

I

16
Q

In a non-sprinklered building, the maximum distance from a room to a fire stair exit is_____

A

150’

17
Q

Which of the following statements is correct AAcidic water causes deposition so pipes should be oversized B Acidic water can be controlled by using the zeolite or ion exchange process C PVC pipe is appopriate for supply piping in exposed locations above ground D Copper and PVC are resistance to corrosion and therefore appropriate where water is acidic

A

D

18
Q

Which system uses a heat sink and often balances itself without utilizing a boiler or chiller? A Unitary B Multi zone C Heat pump D VAV

A

C

19
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true A Flat plate collectors will continue to function even when they are not pointed exactly at the fun B Focusing collectors can achieve higher temperatures that flat plate collectors C Flat plate collectors can be used for heating water or air D Focusing collectors are easier to mount than flat plate collectors

A

D

20
Q

Every fire door that is part of a fire stair exiting system must open A in the direction of travel B into the enclosed stair C toward the flight leading down D toward the building exterior

A

A

21
Q

Which of the following is correct I. Rain water is slightly acidic II Rain is slightly alkaline III Rain water tends to corrode metal pipes IV Rain water is often less healthful than groundwater

A

I, III, IV

22
Q

Which of the following fire detection devices will sense the products of combustion whether or not the fire is very large? A ionization detector B smoke detector C sprinkler head with fusible link D heat detector

A

A

23
Q

Doubling the number of sources at a given intensity would result in a

A

gain of 3dB

24
Q

Dry standpipes are A used by building occupants to put out a fire before it gets out of control B filled with Halon gas or CO2 and triggered automatically C used by fire fighters who have to pump water into them D used to drain floors of excess water during fire fighting

A

C

25
Q

Which of the following hydronic systems can provide both heating and cooling simultaneously I 1 pipe II 2 pipe III 3 pipe IV 4 pipe

A

III, IV

26
Q

What is the name of the sensing surface of the eye A lens B iris C retina D cilia

A

C

27
Q

To provide five light switches for a large room, we need I two-way switches II three way switches III four way switches

A

II, III

28
Q

What is a sling psychrometer A a chart of the human comfort zone B A chart of air temperatures and humidities C A method of measuring wet bulb temperatures with a manual device D A method of measuring the psychological effect of diurnal temperature variation

A

C

29
Q

A variable speed mixer motor is most likely a Auniversal motor B DC motor C three-phase induction motor D synchronous AC motor

A

A

30
Q

A three-wire transformer means that A The primary winding is one of three input options B the transformer generates three-phase current C the secondary winding allows two different voltage takeoffs D there is a tertiary winding

A

C

31
Q

Sustainable designed architecture requires attention to which of the following building elements I Solar shading devices II Urban heat island effect III Increased parking IV Fenestration and glazing

A

I, II, IV

32
Q

What is a catch basin A An inlet into the drainage system for surface runoff B A device which keeps grease and other waste matter out of the sewer system C A type of cleanout which provides access for inspection and maintenance D A lined chamber into which sewage collects

A

A

33
Q

Which of the following uses the latent heat of evaporation to transfer heat A Evaporative chiller B Multi-zone system C Unitary System D VAV

A

A

34
Q

The mean radiant temperature related to the A air temperature B surrounding surface temperatures C body temperature D all of the above

A

B

35
Q

A downfeed system is different from a pneumatic system in that a downfeed system I is necessary only when the street main pressure would not supply the upper floors II is not pressurized III has no storage tank

A

II (I is true of both)

36
Q

In the design of a 3-story commercial building with a max height of 45’, the architect wishes to have a constant roof silhouette with no projections above the 4’ high parapet. Consequently, the architect should chose an A electric elevator with geared traction and operating machinery at the basement level B gearless electric elevator with operating machinery in a four foot high roof structure C hydraulic elevator with operating machinery in a four foot high-pent house D hydraulic elevator with operating machinery located in the elevator pit

A

D

37
Q

A partition with a sound transmission class rating of 55dB would be A very good at stopping reflected sound B barely acceptable at stopping transmitted sound C very good at stopping transmitted sound D barely acceptable at stopping reflected sound

A

C

38
Q

Which conduit system is unacceptable embedding in concrete A rigid B flex C IMC D armoured

A

D

39
Q

What is a demand surcharge A A negative charge which builds up in a circuit when the current is too great B The copper side of a capacitor C A method by which utilities attempt to reduce the need for new power plants D The factor that triggers a circuit breaker

A

C

40
Q

Insolation is an example of A. radiation B conduction C convection D latent heat transfer

A

A

41
Q

In determining the total number of elevators required in a new building, an architect should consider the I total number for floors II estimate volume of traffic III number of hours of operation IV elevator roping system V elevator car size

A

I, II, V

42
Q

the recommended speed of a passenger elevator in a 20-story building should be about A 200fpm B 300 fpm C 800 fpm D 1000 fpm

A

C

43
Q

The Ahwahnee Principles include which of the following ideas I. Communities with only residential use should be relegated to areas outside the central business district II Preserved open spaces should be either wildlife habitats or recreational areas III. Transportation planning should include roads, pedestrian paths, bike paths, and mass transit systems IV job creating and economic diversity is a desired goal

A

III and IV

44
Q

Which of the following statements about glare are true I glare is always a reflection II Glare is always an extreme contrast in brightness III glare is always a very high illumination

A

II

45
Q

The major benefit of using sprinkler systems is that A they do not require that someone be in attendance to be effective B they are considerably less expensive than standpipe systems C they do not damage vauable artwork, books or records D they may also by used as domestic plumbing systems

A

A

46
Q

A good design for a hot arid climate uses which of the following, check all that apply A large roof overhangs to screen the sun B Thermal mass to damp out temperature swings C Large openings to the outside to improve ventilation D Evaporation to increase humidity E Dark-colored roofs F Lush landscaping to create a cooling effect

A

A, B, D

47
Q

Which of the following is true about GFI I it is a form of protection against short circuits II It may be actuated even when there is no equipment switched on in the circuit III It can completely disconnect a circuit

A

I, II, III

48
Q

If the power factor is 1 for a 120v outlet and 8 ohm resist, 15 amp hair dryer, what is the wattage?

A

P=VxIxPF=120x15x1=1,800watts

49
Q

Given a 120 v outlet and a hair dryer w/a resistance of 8 ohms, the current flow through the hair dryer when it is turned on is____amps

A

15

50
Q

Which part of the refrigeration cycle is the hottest A Evaporator B Compressor C Condenser D Valve

A

C

51
Q

Doubling the distance from the source to the receiver would result in a

A

drop of 6dB

52
Q

Sensitivity to the nuances of site conditions is key to sustainable design. Which of the following are site conditions the architect should examine in the design process I. Solar orientation II decorative landscaping III Scale and style of adjacent structures IV Groundwater conditions

A

I, III, IV

53
Q

Using the design day temperatures in the Qc formula, give us information for which of the following A equipment sizing B life cycle costing C latent heat values D yearly weather versus a reference temperature

A

A

54
Q

Which of the following systems can be used if each zone must have a separate utility bill? I Unitary system II Heat pump III Double Duct

A

I, II

55
Q

Building occupancy groups are determined by A the construction materials used in the structure B the number of people expected to use the building C the function for which the building is designed D the size of the building

A

C

56
Q

What is the unit which measures the amount of light striking a surface (The illumination) A candlepower B lumen C footcandle D footlambert

A

C

57
Q

The resistance of a layer of construction in a wall relates to which of the following I the temperature gradient within the wall II The conduction through the wall III The conductivity of the material composing the layer

A

I, II, III

58
Q

What is the diameter of an R-40 bulb?

A

5”

59
Q

Which of the following statements is correct I Groundwater is naturally soft II Hard water is often hazardous to humans III Groundwater is naturally hard IV Hard water can be controlled by the use of acid neutralizers

A

III

60
Q

In order to connect 2 levels whose different of elevation is 2’, a handicapped ramp must be at least A 10’ long B 12’ long C 24’ long D 30’ long

A

C

61
Q

Which of the following piping materials is heated when 2 pieces are joined A Steel B Copper C Iron D Plastic

A

B

62
Q

The purpose of a sanitary trap is to A Catch valuable objects before they enter the sewage system B Catch dangerous chemicals before they enter the sewer system C Keep storm drainage and sanitary sewage separate D keep sewer gas from backing up into the building

A

D

63
Q

LEED is concerned with which of the following? A. Indoor air quality B. Storm water C. Construction costs D. Tax benefits E Innovative energy systems F. Aesthetic design

A

A, B, E

64
Q

Escalators are most effectively used in situations that require A low cost B high speed C considerable life safety D considered user capacity

A

D

65
Q

Which color represents the highest Kelvin temperature and the shortest wavelength A. red B Yellow C Green D Blue

A

D

66
Q

A calculation of heat loss includes A. Qc, Qcltd, Qp, and Qm B Qc, Qcltd, Qp, Ql C Qc, Qs and Qi D. Qs, Qi, and Qr

A

C

67
Q

Doubling the mass of a theoretical wall causes its sound transmission to

A

decrease 6dB

68
Q

Infiltration is calculated using which method(s) I Design day method II Air change method III crack method

A

II, III

69
Q

The major benefit to earth sheltered housing is derived from which of the following factors A the thermal storage capacity of the earth B the insulative capacity of the earth C the available moisture in the earth D The weight of the earth

A

A

70
Q

Which of the following is a method of rating wall sections or doors according to their typical or overall resistance to sound transmission? A SPL B STC C PWL D NR

A

B

71
Q

Given three parallel paths, two paths with a resistance of 4 ohms and one with a resistance of 2 ohms what is the total new resistance? A 0.125 ohms B 10 ohms C 1.25 ohms D 1.0 ohms

A

D

72
Q

The major advantage to low voltage incandescent lamps is that the lamps A are much brighter for a given wattage B last much longer C focus and aim their light more accurately D can run at higher temperatures

A

C

73
Q

The principal advantage in the use of moving ramps is A speed B comfort C safety D convenience

A

A

74
Q

Compartmentation refers to A sealing special chemicals in compartments, which are released when fire is detected B containing the fire in the area in which it began C dividing a sprinkler system into compartments based on required flow rate D dividing the city into fire zones 1, 2, 3

A

B

75
Q

Which of the following is a consultant who might be employed in a sustainable design project? I. Wetlands engineer II. Energy commissioner III. Landscape architect IV energy modeling engineer

A

All of the above

76
Q

A material which transmits light without transmitting the images on the far side is called A transparent B translucent C opaque D reflective

A

B

77
Q

In which of the following ways do freight elevators generally differ from passenger elevators? check all that apply A they are never used by people B they are slower C they have greater weight capacity D they require fewer safety features E their doors open differently F they are physically larger

A

B, C, E

78
Q

What is the definition of relative humidity? A The amount of water in the air in lbs of water per 1,000 cu. ft. of air B The amount of water in the air in lbs of h2o per lb of air C the amount of water in the air in grains of water per pound of air D The percentage of saturation at the current temperature

A

D

79
Q

Sustainable design may require research and education that is beyond a normal architectural project. Which of the following is part of the process I. Energy modeling II Educating the client III Art Selection IV selection of energy efficient appliances

A

I II and IV

80
Q

Which of the following systems can provide simultaneous heating and cooling to different rooms within the same zone I Single duct constant volume with electric reheat system II Double duct system III Fan coil system

A

All of the above

81
Q

The planning phase of a sustainable designed architectural projects should include which of the following elements? I. Native landscaping that is aesthetically pleasing and functional. II. Designing structures in the floodplain that can resist the forces of flood waters III. Consideration of sun orientation, topographic relief, and the scale of adjacent buildings IV. Locating projects within existing neighborhoods that are adjacent to public transportation

A

I, III, IV

82
Q

All of the following are capable of reversing the otherwise invariant flow of heat from hotter to cooler objects except A heat pump B VAV C refrigeration D evaporative chiller

A

B

83
Q

If the voltage between the neutral and the peak of a three-phase current is 120 volts, what is the voltage between two phases? A 120 v B 208 v C 240 v D 277v

A

B

84
Q

Which of the following statements are correct about the term diffuse I ambient light is usually diffuse II A mirror is a diffuse reflecting surface III printing or writing is easiest to read when viewed in diffuse light

A

I, III

85
Q

Flashover occurs when A all the materials reach combustion temperature at once B one building’s roof ignites the next buildings roof C a fire though to be extinguished restarts itself from the embers D high temperatures trigger a sprinkler head

A

A

86
Q

If a lamp of 2400 cp intensity results in an illumination of 24 fc at 10’, the illumination at 20’ is_____

A

6 fc

87
Q

Which of the following represents an extremely acidic pH reading A 5 B 7 C 9 D 17

A

A

88
Q

Life Cycle costing is an economic evaluation of architectural elements that includes which of the following factors I. First cost II maintenance and operational cost III repair costs IV replacement costs

A

All of the above

89
Q

Which of the following hydronic systems are parallel, check all that apply A 1 pipe B 2 pipe C 3 pipe D 4 pipe E 5 pipe

A

B, C, D

90
Q

Reverberation time is I The time required for a sound to decay 60dB in a space II the time it takes for an echo to return III longer in a dead space and shorter in a live space

A

I

91
Q

Where does return air go? A to the plant, B outside of the building C room that requires air at that temp D exhaust flue

A

A

92
Q

Why is it necessary to keep storm drainage separate from sanitary sewage I storm drainage is more polluted than sanitary sewage II storm drainage tends to flow at high volume, which are not treatable by the sewage plant III Storm drainage is not pressurized, but sanitary drainage is

A

II

93
Q

Which of the follow is dependent on orientation A. radiation b. conduction C convection D latent heat transfer

A

C

94
Q

Which of the following are required to have a siamese connection at the base? I wet standpipes, II dry standpipes III wet sprinkler systems

A

I, II, III

95
Q

The time of day effects which of the following factors, check all that apply A The declination angle B the altitude angle C The azimuth angle D The intensity of the sun E the speed of transit

A

B, C, D

96
Q

Given a concrete room with concrete walls, floors, and ceiling, adding carpeting and drapes does which of the following I Increases the absorptivity of the room II Decreases the reverberation time of the room III Decreases the intensity of the sound that a small motor would make in the room

A

I, II, III

97
Q

What is a trombe wall A an unusually heavy mass wall B A mass wall that uses water as the storage element C A mass wall that causes a convective loop into the room behind it when it is warmed D A mass wall that stores energy using phase change materials

A

C

98
Q

refrigeration

A

The extraction of heat from a substance or an unoccupied space to reduce its temperature below that of its surroundings

99
Q

fluorescent

A

Describing a substance the gives off light at a different wavelength from that of x-rays, ultraviolet rays, or other rays to which the substance is exposed, as in a fluorescent lamp.

100
Q

thermal resistance (r)

A

A measure of the resistance of a specific thickness of a given material to the passage of heat; the reciprocal of conductance

101
Q

star connection

A

A method of connecting the windings on a three-phase transformer in which one end of all three windings is connected to a common neutral center point forming a Y shape. It is also known as a wye connection

102
Q

coefficient of performance (COP)

A

The ratio of the amount of heat energy delivered by a heat pump to the amount of energy supplied, or the ratio of the amount of heat energy removed by a refrigeration machine to the amount of energy expended in its removal. It is similar to efficiency, but often exceeds 100%, and is therefore expressed as a number eg 2.7(typ for a heat pump)

103
Q

lumen

A

The unit of visible light emitted by a light source, defined as the amount of light passing through one square foot at a distance of one foot from a candlepower source

104
Q

hydronic system

A
  • radiant: hot h2o/steam circulated through pipes to heat/cool
  • combined w/forced air, blow air over warm/cool water
  • single pipe: h2o moves through and returns to be heated again-cheap initial cost, but h2o cant travel warmly too far
  • double pipe: 2 supply pipes, keeps h2o warm to each register
  • three pipe-mixes hot & cold in common return, cheap piping, but expensive to heat & cool
  • four pipe: separate 2 pipe system for heating & cooling
105
Q

artificial light efficiencies

A

least-most: normal incandescent, tungsten halogen, mercury vapor, fluorescent/metal hallide, high pressure sodium, low pressure sodium (only security light)

106
Q

septic tank

A

A watertight receptacle designed to receive sewage. Solids are separated from teh liquid and digested through an anaerobic action, while the effluent is discharged into seepage pits or drain fields

107
Q

specific volume

A

The volume occupied by a unit weight of a given substance at any specified temperature and pressure. The reciprocal of density

108
Q

absolute humidity

A

The weight of water vapor per unit volume of air

109
Q

room resonance

A

The phenomenon which occurs when sounds in a room that are within a narrow band of frequencies tend to sound louder than sounds of other frequencies.

110
Q

chimney effect

A

The tendency of a gas or air to rise in a vertical shaft bc its density is lower than that of the surrounding gas or air. It is also called stack effect

111
Q

emissivity

A

The rate at which a surface material at a given temperature gives off or emits radiant energy. The emissivity varies from 0-1.0 where 1.0 is theoretical emissivity of a perfect black box at the same temperature

112
Q

reverberation

A

The persistance of sound in an enclosed space after the source has stopped

113
Q

acidity & alkalinity

A

lower pH, higher the acidity. Higher the pH, Higher the alkaline. Rain water is slightly acidic and tends to corrodes metal pipes.

114
Q

psychorometer

A

A device for measuring simultaneously the wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures of air and therefore the relative humidity

115
Q

fan coil system

A

An air-conditioning system in which a fan blows conditioned air over hot and/or cold coils into an occupied space

116
Q

live load

A

The vertical load caused by the use and occupancy of a building, not including wind, earthquake, or dead loads

117
Q

POC

A

Products of combustion, usually relative to smoke detection

118
Q

chiller

A

A piece of equipment which cools water for use in an air conditioning system

119
Q

boiler

A

A closed vessel in which water is heated in order to produce steam or hot water

120
Q

turning vanes

A

curved baffles inserted in a duct elbow to decrease pressure loss through the elbow

121
Q

zonal cavity method

A

measure lighting illumination by multiplying # of fixtures, # of lamps per fixture, # of lumens per lamp, lamp lumen depreciation factor, dirt depreciation factor, coefficient of utilization divided by the area of working plane

122
Q

hertz (Hz)

A

The frequency of a sound, or of an alternating current, equal to the number of cycles per second

123
Q

sprinkler system

A

A system used to extinguish fires automatically by releasing water or other substances

124
Q

rectifier

A

A device which converts alternating current to direct current and is used to recharge batteries or supply direct current for other purposes

125
Q

differential thermostat

A

A thermostat that responds to temperatures at two different locations. It is used to activate a solar heating system when teh collector is warmer than the storage medium

126
Q

activated carbon

A

A form of specially treated, porous carbon, used to absorb various odors and vapors

127
Q

fusible link

A

A piece of wax or paraffin which melts at a predetermined temperature, setting off a sprinkler head, an alarm system, or otherwise actuating a fire protection device.

128
Q

diffuser

A

A device through which the air from a duct enters a room, or a device through which the light from a fixture enters a room

129
Q

illumination

A

The intensity of light falling on a surface, usually expressed in footcandles.

130
Q

perm

A

The unit of permeability for a given material, expressing the resistance of the material to the penetration of moisture. One perm is equal to the flow of one grain of water vapor through one square foot of surface area per hour with a pressure difference of one inch of mercury

131
Q

heat of vaporization

A

The heat given off by a vapor condensing to liquid, or the heat absorbed by a liquid evaporating to a gas, without a change in temperature

132
Q

Siamese fitting

A

A Y-shaped hose attachment at hte base of a building, which allows the fire department to connect two supply hoses to provide or augment water flow to a standpipe

133
Q

HEPA filter

A

A high-efficiency particulate air filter, which removes dust and other tiny particles from a moving air stream.

134
Q

friction factor

A

A factor used in calculating loss or pressure due to friction of a fluid (gas or liquid) flowing through a duct or pipe

135
Q

fire door

A

A fire-resistive door assembly, consisting of frame door, and hardware, which provides a specific fire resistive rating when closed

136
Q

permeability

A

the property of permitting passage of water or water vapor through a material without causing rupture or displacement

137
Q

Plumbing pipe materials

A

Lead-in past
Steel: galvanized, joined mechanically
Copper: often used for supply bc doesnt rust or corrode, thinner wall thickness, joined by sweating (form of soldering)
plastic: PVC (used for supply) & ABS (used for drain), doesn’t corrode, doesn’t allow electrolysis to deposit material ions, durable, deteriorates in sunlight, cement connection-irreversible.

138
Q

pressure release valve

A

safety devices that keep system from exploding by opening when pressure exceeds some max, usually over drain, req for h2o heaters

139
Q

life-cycle cost

A

The total lifetime cost of an item or system, which include its initial cost, operating costs, maintenance costs, and repair costs, less any salvage value

140
Q

bell

A

The end of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe so as to form a joint. It is also called a hub

141
Q

hygrometer

A

An instrument which measures the relative humidity of the air.

142
Q

wet pipe sprinkler

A

A sprinkler system which is continuously pressurized with water. If a fusible sprinkler opens, water is immediately forced through the sprinkler head.

143
Q

psychrometric chart

A

A chart showing the interactions of wet bulb, dry bulb, and dewpoint temperatures, relative and absolute humidities, enthalpy and sensible heat ratio.

144
Q

union

A

A pipe fitting used to couple the ends of two pipes neither of which can be rotated

145
Q

backflow preventer

A

A plumbing device used to prevent nonpotable water from flowing into the potable water system

146
Q

ballast

A

An electrical device used with fluorescent and other lamps to provide starting voltage and regulate current flow through the lamp

147
Q

sweating

A

The method of soldering copper plumbing, or the condensation of water on cold pipes or building materials

148
Q

starter

A

A device which starts the arc in a neon or fluorescent lamp or a contactor and overload relay used in starting some electric motors

149
Q

air gap

A

An unobstructed vertical path, open to the atmosphere, separating the outlet of a faucet from the overflow rim of the fixture it serves. The purpose is to prevent a momentary vacuum in the supply pipe from siphoning water from the fixture back into the supply pipe

150
Q

Cavity Resonator

A

A sound-absorbing device consisting of an enclosed body of air confined within rigid walls and connected by a narrow opening to the space around it. It is also known as a Helmholtz resonator

151
Q

wavelength

A

The length of one complete cycle or waveform, for light or sound waves. In light, the dominant wavelength determines the perceived color

152
Q

refrigerant

A

The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigeration system

153
Q

sound

A

The auditory sensation experience by the ear or the pressure oscillation which cause that sensation

154
Q

HVAC

A

Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning

155
Q

PVC

A

polyvinyl chloride-a plastic used for cold water and underground sprinkler system pipe and fittings

156
Q

upfeed system

A

A water supply system that uses the available water main pressure to supply water to fixtures on several floors

157
Q

NPS

A

Nominal pipe size. Refers to nominal inside pipe diameter

158
Q

battery

A

2 or more cells which utilize the reaction of a chemical solution on 2 dissimilar metals to produce an electromotive force

159
Q

ball-check valve

A

A spring-operated check valve in a piping system in which pressure against a movable ball allows fluid to flow in one direction. When the direction of flow is reversed, the ball is forced against a seat which stops the flow.

160
Q

humidifier

A

A device used to add moisture to the air

161
Q

cooling tower

A

A structure used to evaporatively cool a liquid (usually water) by contact with air

162
Q

greenhouse effect

A

The direct gain of solar heat through glass walls and roofs, which are generally south-facing.

163
Q

delta connection

A

A method of connecting windings on a three-phase transformer, end to end, which results in a triangular shape.

164
Q

solstice

A

Either June 21 (summer solstice) or December 21 (winter solstice) the first day of summer or winter, the longest or shortest day of the year.

165
Q

fittings

A

Parts other than valves or pipe used in a pipe line such as couplings, elbows, tees, unions, and reducers

166
Q

pH

A

A symbol indicating the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution; a pH 7 represents a neutral solution, lower values indicate acidity, higher values alkalinity

167
Q

circulator

A

A pump used in hot water systems for maintaining forced circulation of water or other liquid

168
Q

latent heat

A

The heat added to or removed from a substance when it changes its state w/o changing its temperature, as when water freezes or vaporizes

169
Q

coefficient of utilization

A

The ratio of useful light arriving at hte work plane to the amount of light emitted by the source, which depends on the reflectivity of different surfaces and the aspect ratios of the ceiling, wall, and floor cavities

170
Q

degree day

A

The amount by which the average outdoor temperature at a particular location is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit for one day. Degree days may also be summed and stated for a month or a year

171
Q

steam trap

A

A valve which permits passage of air or water, but not steam, often used with steam radiators

172
Q

exit

A

A continuous and unobstructed means of egress to a public way. Its minimum width is generally 44 inches

173
Q

photoelectric detector

A

A smoke detector that uses a light source and a photoelectric cell to detect the prescence of smoke

174
Q

aspect ratio

A

The ratio of the longer to shorter dimension of an air-conditioning duct, which affects duct friction, or of a room, which relates to light reflection

175
Q

riser

A

A vertical water supply pipe that extends through at least one floor of a building and provides water to fixtures or branches

176
Q

gasket

A

A compressible material placed between two surfaces to prevent leakage

177
Q

convector

A

A heating device arranged to deliver heat to the air primarily by convection

178
Q

cycle

A

One complete set of repeating events, typically used with alternating current or sound

179
Q

specific heat

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of a given substance one degree Fahrenheit measured in Btus

180
Q

standard air

A

Air at a standard temperature and pressure

181
Q

loop vent

A

A vent which connects from a drain to the stack vent of the soil stack to which the drain is connected

182
Q

barometric damper

A

A balanced air valve positioned so as to admit air to the flue or stack of a furnace in order to maintain a constant amount of draft. It is also called a draft regulator

183
Q

check valve

A

backflow preventer, prevent h2o from moving backwards through system & contaminate supple

184
Q

anechoic room

A

A room whose boundaries absorb all of the sound striking them. It is also known as a free-field room.

185
Q

vent stack

A

A vertical pipe which vents several sanitary drainage lines, in order to break the siphoning suction which would occur when water passes down through the system

186
Q

lateral

A

A common sewer the receives wastewater only from building sewers

187
Q

forced convection

A

The movement of a fluid by a fan or a pump, in order to force heat exchange

188
Q

impedance

A

The resistance to current flow in an AC circuit. Impedance may consist of resistance, reactance, or a combination of the two. The unit of impedance is the ohm

189
Q

watt (W)

A

The basic unit of electrical power, equal to the product of volts and amperes in direct current systems, equal to 3.41 Btuh

190
Q

static pressure

A

The pressure exerted by a fluid at rest

191
Q

hard v soft water

A

hard water has seeped into the ground and dissolves minerals present, not harmful to humans, but is to plumbing & heat exchanges b/c deposits out again & clogs pipes. Place anode into water tank to diver deposits

192
Q

degree day

A

average yearly difference between indoor temp and outdoor temp, amount by which the temp is below 65* (more days below it, more heat you need: under 3,000-good insulatoin is enough, up to 5,000-use heating system, under 7,000-serious heating, over 7,000 move)

193
Q

effective temperature

A

A fictitious temperature which would produce the same physiological effect as the combined effects of temperature, humidity, and air movement

194
Q

DWV

A

Abbreviation for drain, waste and vent

195
Q

echo

A

A sound wave that has been reflected with sufficient magnitude and delay so that it is heard as a sound distinct from that transmitted directly

196
Q

azimuth

A

compass orientation fo the sun, angle of the suns position E/W of the sun

197
Q

sound transmission class (STC)

A

A single-number rating for the evaluation of a particular construction cross-section in terms of its transmission of airborne sound. The higher the STC rating, the more effective the construction is at stopping airborne sound.

198
Q

flame-spread rating

A

A numerical classification indicating the rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a given material. Class I materials have the least flame spread and Class III have the most

199
Q

check valve

A

A valve that allows the flow of a fluid in only one direction. Check valves may use a flap or ball to prevent reverse flow

200
Q

Unitary system

A
  • air comes directly from outside into room
  • 1 unit per zone, self contained
  • used when building spread out
  • able to have separate utility bill
201
Q

circular mil

A

The area of a wire having a diameter of one mil or one thousandth (0.001) of an inch, used in specifying wire size

202
Q

demand factor

A

The ratio of maximum demand or expected power usage to the total connected load

203
Q

ventilation

A

The supplying or removing of air by mechanical or natural means to or from a given space

204
Q

power factor (PF)

A

In an electrical circuit, the ratio of real power in watts to the product of voltage and current

205
Q

thermometer

A

An instrument for measuring temperature, consisting of a sealed tube containing a liquid, such as mercury, that expands and contracts with temperature changes

206
Q

ambient

A

Relating to a general or surrounding condition. In thermal processes, it referes to the air temperature as distinct from that of surfaces or objects. In lighting it refers to the background light level and in acoustics, it refers to the background noise level.

207
Q

U factor or U-value

A

The overall rate of heat flow of a particular wall sectoin, expressed in Btus per hour per degree Fahrenheit per square foot

208
Q

insolation

A

Energy received from solar radiation

209
Q

continuous vent

A

A vent which is a continuation of the trap and drain to which it connects. It is also called an individual vent

210
Q

fire damper

A

A damper provided with a fusible link and operated by gravity or springs, which closes off an air duct in the event of fire, so as to prevent fire and smoke from spreading through the duct

211
Q

spigot

A

The end of a pipe that fits into the bell, or enlarged end of another pipe. Also another term for faucet

212
Q

concentrating collector

A

A device to collect solar energy, usually parabolic in shape, used for concentrating isolation to achieve high temperatures.

213
Q

chill factor

A

A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the chill factor temperature. It is also known as wind chill index

214
Q

vacuum breaker

A

prevents siphoning to supply line

215
Q

light shelf

A

An overhang, either outside or inside or both, which is used with a clerestory to reflect light up onto the ceiling and reduce direct light adjacent to the window.

216
Q

eutectic salts

A

Materials used to store and release heat by means of their latent heat capacity, that is, they alternately melt and solidify in the normal solar operating temperature range of 80-160 degrees fahrenheit

217
Q

ball drip

A

The automatic drain valve at hte base of a dry standpipe

218
Q

free-field room

A

A room whose boundaries absorb all of the sound striking them. It is also known as an anechoic room.

219
Q

air changes per hour

A

The ratio of the volume of air supplied to or exhausted from a space, per hour, to the volume of the space

220
Q

Types of motors

A
  1. DC: small scale & elevators-continuous & smooth
  2. Single phase AC motor: <3/4 horsepower
  3. Three phase induction motor: constant RPM, v. reliable
  4. universal motor: runs on either DC or AC current, varies in speed based on the load (mixer, hand drill..)
221
Q

nipple

A

A short piece of pipe with threads at each end used to connect fittings and valves in a pipe line

222
Q

regeneration

A

The process of removing calcium and magnesium ions from the zeolite resin in a water softener and replacing them with sodium ions by passing brine through the resin

223
Q

Trombe wall

A

A thermal storage wall consisting of an external glass skin and an inner wall with a layer of air between, which warms the room behind it by convection.

224
Q

cleanout

A

y shaped segment of pipe that provides access to difficult to reach areas. Places every 50’ if 4” D, or every 100’ if greater than 4” D as well as wherever pipe changes direction of over 45*

225
Q

NC curves

A

A single-number system for specifying a maximum SPL level in a given location, using standardized reference contours. The curves weight the frequencies to which the human ear is sensitive.

226
Q

sound level meter

A

A meter which measures the sound pressure level and gives a reading in dB

227
Q

Helmholtz resonator

A

A sound-absorbing device consisting of an enclosed body of air confined within rigid walls and connected by a narrow opening to the space around it. It is also known as a cavity resonator

228
Q

siphon

A

A U-shaped tube used to transfer liquid from an upper level to a lower one by suction

229
Q

exhaust air

A

Any foul or unwanted air removed from a space by mechanical means.

230
Q

downfeed system

A

A water supply system in which water is pumped intermittently to a tank above the roof of a building. Water from the tank then supplies fixtures on the floors below it.

231
Q

conduction

A

The transfer of heat by direct contact, from hotter molecules to cooler molecules

232
Q

condensate

A

Vapor that has returned to a liquid state

233
Q

feeder

A

A set of electrical conductors which extend from the source of energy to a distribution center.

234
Q

equinox

A

March 21 (vernal equinox) or September 21 (autumnal equinox) first day of spring or fall, when the night and day are of equal length.

235
Q

ion

A

An electrically charged atom or group of atoms

236
Q

zone

A

A position of a building controlled by a single thermostat, because its spaces have similar heating or cooling needs

237
Q

luminaire

A

A complete light fixture including lamps.

238
Q

wet pipe sprinkler

A

A sprinkler system which is continuously pressurized with water. If a fusible sprinkler opens, water is immediately forced through the sprinkler head.

239
Q

fixture unit

A

A unit of liquid flow used in sizing both supply and drainage pipes. It is equal to 1 cubic foot per minute or approximately 7.5 gallons per minute

240
Q

Btu

A

The abbreviation for British thermal unit, a unit of heat energy, which is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperatures of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit

241
Q

cross connection

A

Any connection by means of which nonpotable, used, or contaminated water or other liquid can enter any part of a potable water system.

242
Q

globe valve

A

A valve consisting of a circular plug or disc which is raised or lowered against a circular opening or seat used for adjusting or throttling flow

243
Q

high-intensity discharge (HID)

A

A family of lamps consisting of a quartz envelope inside a glass envelope. In the quartz envelope, the current causes an intense arc between two electrodes, exciting a plasma of mercury, metal halide, or high-pressure sodium and producing visible light.

244
Q

frost line

A

The maximum depth of frost penetration in the ground expected in a given area. Water piping must ordinarily be buried below the frost line to protect against freezing.

245
Q

solar pond system

A

A passive solar system that utilized a pond of water on the roof to maintain even year-round temperatures.

246
Q

altitude

A

height of sun in the sky, straight up

247
Q

direct current (DC)

A

An electric current that flows in only one direction

248
Q

passive solar design

A

The practice of orienting and sizing a building, its windows, and its internal masses in such a way that it responds to the sun and climate, without the use of mechanical equipment.

249
Q

code

A

An organized body of rules and regulations adopted and enforced by a governmental agency, such as a building code.

250
Q

ionization detector

A

A fire detector which detects the products of combustion (POC) even before they are visible to the naked eye.

251
Q

high-intensity discharge (HID)

A

A family of lamps consisting of a quartz envelope inside a glass envelope. In the quartz envelope, the current causes an intense arc between two electrodes, exciting a plasma of mercury, metal halide, or high-pressure sodium and producing visible light.
-lamp within a lamp

252
Q

Fire classes

A

A ordinary materials
B flammable gas and liquid
C electrical equip (h2o after off)
D combustible material (no h2o)

253
Q

therm

A

A unit of heat equal to 100,000 Btus

254
Q

draft

A

A flow of air or gas through a flue or chimney

255
Q

multizone

A

similar to dual duct, but mixing boxes are in mech. equip room & tempered air delivered throughout
-ideal for build. square in plan and few zoned systems

256
Q

frequency

A

The number of cycles which occur per second, either in alternating current or acoustics. In acoustics, the frequency determines the pitch

257
Q

heat exchanger

A

Any device used for transferring heat from one fluid to another, where the fluids are physically separated

258
Q

cfm

A

abbreviation for cubic feet per minute, which is the flow rate of air in a mechanical system or duct

259
Q

surge arrestors/shock arrestors

A

cushion device that compresses & bounces h2o back to original pressure to absorb the shock when h2o turned off to prevent water hammer

260
Q

sound transmission coefficient

A

The fraction of incident sound transmitted through a partition.

261
Q

sound absorption

A

The converting of sound energy into another form, usually heat, in passing through a medium or on striking a surface. Also the property possessed by materials and objects which absorb sound energy.

262
Q

standpipe

A

A vertical supply pipe for firefighting. Dry standpipes are empty and must be connected to a fire hydrant via a Siamese connection and pumper truck. Wet standpipes are pressurized and filled with water, to serve attached hoses within the building, on each floor. Wet standpoints also have Siamese connections to allow the water flow to be augmented from fire hydrants.

263
Q

backwash

A

A reverse flow of water, often used in water softening to remove sediment

264
Q

psychrometic chart

A

relationship between air temp and humidity

265
Q

heat transmission

A

The time rate of heat flow which combines the effects of conduction, convection, and radiation.

266
Q

fluorescent

A

Describing a substance the gives off light at a different wavelength from that of x-rays, ultraviolet rays, or other rays to which the substance is exposed, as in a fluorescent lamp.
-more efficient than an incandescent lamp, transformer necessary, life based more on times it’s turned off and on than how long it’s kept on

267
Q

air-conditioning

A

The treating of air in an occupied space to control its temperature, humidity, and cleanliness

268
Q

smokeproof enclosure

A

A required exit which consists of a vestibule and continuous stairway enclosed from teh highest point to hte lowest point by walls of two-hour fire resistive construction and which exits into a public way or an exit passageway leading to a public way

269
Q

condenser

A

A heat exchanger in which refrigerant vapor is condensed (liquefied), releasing heat to an external medium

270
Q

UBC

A

The abbreviation for Univorm Building Code

271
Q

zeolite

A

A substance used in water softening which exchanges sodium ions for magnesium or calcium ions in hard water. It is regenerated by passing brine through it, which reverses the exchange

272
Q

water hammer

A

The thumping or rattling sound that occurs when a faucet is shut off rapidly

273
Q

hp

A

Horsepower, a unit of power equal to 746 watts

274
Q

air movement

A

the velocity of air in an enclosed space measured in feet per minute

275
Q

lumen

A

The unit of visible light emitted by a light source, defined as the amount of light passing through one square foot at a distance of one foot from a candlepower source

276
Q

absorber plate

A

The part of a solar collector that absorbs solar radiation.

277
Q

bibb

A

A faucet having a nozzle that is bent downward

278
Q

total pressure

A

The pressure measured by a pilot tube, consisting of static pressure and velocity pressure. The total pressure of a nonmoving fluid is equal to its static pressure.

279
Q

barometer

A

an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure

280
Q

inductance

A

The property of an electrical circuit by which a change in current induces an electromotive force. The unit of inductance is the henry

281
Q

intensity level

A

The intensity of sound at a given location, measured in watts per m^1 or more comonly in dB where the reference level is 10-12 watts/m^2 or 10-16 w/cm^2

282
Q

three-phase

A

Describing a form of alternating current produced by a generator having three rotating coils positioned 120 degrees apart

283
Q

sound pressure level

A

The sound pressure at a location expressed in newtons per square meter, or more commonly in dB reggered to 2x10^-5 newtons per square meter.

284
Q

two-pipe system

A

A hot or chilled water system having only a supply and return line. It can supply only heated or chilled water to a zone, but not both simultaneously

285
Q

smokeproof enclosure

A

A required exit which consists of a vestibule and continuous stairway enclosed from teh highest point to hte lowest point by walls of two-hour fire resistive construction and which exits into a public way or an exit passageway leading to a public way

286
Q

duct

A

A conduit made of sheet metal or other material for conveying air at low pressures

287
Q

total heat

A

The total of sensible plus latent heat stored in the air. It is also known as enthalpy

288
Q

dry bulb temperature (DBT)

A

The temperature of air as read on an ordinary glass thermometer, stored sensible heat

When equal to WB, RH is 100%
When greater than WB, RH is less than 100%

289
Q

hybrid solar system

A

A system combining active and passive solar features

290
Q

globe valve

A

meter/throttle flow of h2o, restrict flow even when open

291
Q

volt (V)

A

The unit of electrical potential or electromotive force

292
Q

Calculating illumination

A

Illumination = (# of fixtures x # of lamps per fixture x lumens per lamp x maint factor x CU) / area

293
Q

alternating current

A

An electric current which reverses its direction at regular intervals, generally 60 times per second. A plot of the voltage over time is the sine wave

294
Q

phon

A

A subjective unit of loudness, numerically equal to the sound pressure, in dB, or a 1000-Hz tone judged by the listener to have the same loudness as the given sound

295
Q

Hartford loop

A

A plumbing arrangement on steam boilers to avoid rapid loss of water in the boiler due toa break in the condensate return line. It is also referred to an underwriter’s loop

296
Q

trap

A

A water seal fitting located in the drain line after a fixture to prevent sewer gases and odors from entering the room

297
Q

pressure relief valve

A

A valve designed to open automatically to relieve pressure within a system

298
Q

dBA

A

A dB measured in the A scale, which is weighted to account for the special sensitivities of the human ear

299
Q

acoustic

A

Pertaining to hearing, sound, or the science of sound

300
Q

flat plate collector

A

A device used to collect solar energy, usually consisting of a glazed cover, a transfer medium (water or air), absorber plate, and insulation, all contained in a unified housing.

301
Q

reverberation time

A

The time required for the sound pressure level to decrease 60dB after the original sound stops.

302
Q

loudness

A

The perceived intensity of sound, which depends mainly on the sound pressure, but also on the frequency and waveform of the sound source.

303
Q

dry standpipe

A

A vertical supply pipe for firefighting which is empty and must be connected to a fire hydrant by means of a Siamese connection and a pumper truck

304
Q

three-pipe system

A

A hot and chilled water system having a common return pipe for both supply lines

305
Q

enthalpy

A

The total of sensible plus latent heat stored in the air aka total heat

306
Q

waste lines

A

wasted h2o from all sources except wc and urinals

307
Q

absorption refrigeration

A

A cooling process resulting from the absorption of vapor by a brine solution, which is then heated to remove the moisture. The heat may be supplied by solar or other heating sources

308
Q

angle valve/screw & seat/washer & seat

A

typical plumbing fixture, include a valve w/a mertering/flow restriction capability

309
Q

smoke developed rating

A

A numerical rating of interior finish materials developed from a standardized fire test procedure. Larger numbers indicate a greater density of smoke

310
Q

ASHRAE

A

The abbreviation for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, the source of most of the standardized information on the subject

311
Q

heat of fusion

A

The heat given off by a liquid in changing to a solid, or the heat absorbed by a solid melting to a liquid w/o a change in temperature

312
Q

footcandle

A

The basic unit of illumination arriving at a work plane. One footcandle is equal to one lumen per square foot

313
Q

dry pipe sprinkler

A

A sprinkler system whose pipes are normally pressurized with only air, thus being invulnerable to freezing temperatures. Upon actuation, the air is vented and supply pressure forces water through the system.

314
Q

photoelectric detector

A

A smoke detector that uses a light source and a photoelectric cell to detect the prescence of smoke

315
Q

decibel (dB)

A

A logarithmic measure of sound intensity expressing the ratio between a given sound being measured and a reference level. The reference level generally corresponds to the faintest audible sound.

316
Q

four-pipe system

A

A hot and chilled water system with separate return lines for each sypply line, with no mixing of the two streams

317
Q

generator

A

A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by the motion of electrical conductors in a magnetic field.

318
Q

recovery

A

The ability of a water heater to heat a specified number of gallons per hour of water to a specified temperature

319
Q

ABS

A

Abbreviation for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, a plastic used for drainage, waste, and vent piping, as well as for sewer systems

320
Q

hub

A

The end of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe so as to forma joint. It is also called a bell.

321
Q

Btuh

A

The abbreviation for Btus per house, an energy flow rate

322
Q

globe thermometer

A

A thermometer which measures mean radiant temperature (MRT)

323
Q

comfort zone

A

The combination of thermal and environmental conditions within which a human is comfortable, often shown on a psychrometric chart

324
Q

relative humidity (RH)

A

The ratio of the moisture content of the air to hte maximum possible moisture content at the same temperature (depends on temperature)

325
Q

Doppler effect

A

The change in the observed pitch of sound which occurs when the observer of the sound moves

326
Q

dual duct system

A

A system in which hot air and cold air are supplied by separated ducts and mixed at each controlled space to provide the desired supply air temperatures. This method consumes a great deal of energy

327
Q

ion exchange

A

A process of water softening in which calcium and magnesium ions are replaced by sodium ions. This process is also known as the zeolite process

328
Q

sound reflection

A

The phenomenon which occurs when sound bounces off hard, rigid, and flat surfaces such as concrete, brick, stone, or glass

329
Q

daylighting

A

The use of natural light from the outside to replace or augment artificial light, which produces energy savings.

330
Q

alternator

A

A device used to generate alternating current by rotating a coil in a magnetic field

331
Q

fire assembly

A

A complete fire-resistive assembly consisting of a fire door, fire damper, or fire window and its mounting frame and hardware. The entire assembly, not just its components, must be approved and labeled by a testing agency which inspects the materials workmanship during fabrication at factory. available ratings are 3/4, 1, 1 1/2, and 3 hours

332
Q

Design for temperate climate

A
  • long south facade ideal to harvest winter sun
  • porches to the south/awning on windows to block summer sun
  • Deciduous trees on S/W to shade in summer & lose leaves in the winter
  • Deciduous trees in N to block wind
333
Q

expansion valve

A

A valve in a refrigeration system which controls the flow and reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, allowing it to evaporate and absorb heat

334
Q

soil lines

A

carry h2o from wc and urinals

335
Q

candlepower (CP)

A

The unit of luminous intensity, which is the amount of light emitted by a source

336
Q

transformer

A

A device which chages the voltage of an AC circuite to a higher or lower level

337
Q

photometry

A

The measurement of light distribution, illumination, and the intensity of light, usually with the aid of a photometer

338
Q

mean radiant temperature (MRT)

A

The weighted average of all of hte temperatures of all of the surfaces visible from a given position

339
Q

insulate

A

insulate(protect from heat loss) before you insolate (exposing to the rays of the sun)

340
Q

sensible heat ratio (SHR)

A

The ratio of sensible heat to enthalpy (total heat)

341
Q

kilowatt (kW)

A

A unit of electric power = 1000w

342
Q

grain

A

A unit of weight, where 7000 grains equal one pound; used primarily as a measure of the weight of moisture in air

343
Q

building authorization

A

The contol by automatic equipment of many function in a large building, usually including the HVAC system, the fire detection and alarm system, and building security

344
Q

occupancy

A

The purpose for which a building is intended to be used

345
Q

sabin

A

The unit of sound absorption equivalent to the absorption of one sf of open window

346
Q

forced air system

A

A heating or cooling system which uses a fan to circulate heated or cooled air through ducts to the occupied spaces

347
Q

service

A

The portion of a buildings electrical system extending from the utility company’s wire to and including the main switch and meter

348
Q

Ohms Law

A

Current=voltage/resistance

349
Q

brackish

A

referring to water containing so much salt that it is nonpotable.

350
Q

zeolite

A

ion exchange, removes minerals & softens h2o

351
Q

neutral

A

The wire or conductor in an electrical system which is equidistant in voltage from the phase conductors of the system. It is not the same as ground.

352
Q

Mass law

A

The theoretical law which states that for each doubling of mass in a wall, there is a 6dB drop in the amount of sound transmitted. In actual practice, it is usually closer to 5dB.

353
Q

acoustic power level

A

The logarithmic expression for the acoustical power at the source of a sound. It is known as power level (PWL)

354
Q

U value

A

1/sum of resistances

355
Q

reflectance

A

The ratio of reflected to incident light falling on a surface

356
Q

fusible sprinkler head

A

A sprinkler head normally closed by a plug of low melting point alloy. When subject to a predetermined temperature, the plug melts or fuses and allows water to flow out.

357
Q

inch of water

A

A unit of pressure equal to the pressure of a column of water one inch high. 1 inch of water=0.03609psi

358
Q

thermosiphon

A

The method of using a heated surface and the resulting convection to move a fluid out of a space. In solar hot water heaters, the collector is below the storage tank, and the water is circulated automatically by convection when it is heated. Thermosiphoning may also be used to ventilate a building by sending the warmed air out the top, and siphoning in cooler air at the bottom

359
Q

wind chill index

A

A fictitious temperature assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind wind velocity which has the same physiologival effect as still air at the wind chill intex temperature. It is also known as chill factor.

360
Q

radiation

A

The flow of heat by electromagnetic waves between two objects not in contact, through space or a medium

361
Q

shading coefficient (SC)T

A

The ratio of solar heat gained through a window with shading devices, such as blinds, to the solar heat gained by a single pane, double strength, clear glass window.

362
Q

stack vent

A

The portion of a soil or waste stack which is above the highest branch drain connected to the stack. Its sole function is to vent to the outside air.

363
Q

draft regulator

A

A balanced air valve positioned so as to admit air to the flue or stack of a furnace in order to maintain a constant amount of draft. It is also called a barometric damper

364
Q

ampere (amp)

A

The unit of electrical flow

365
Q

noise

A

Any undesired sound, also any unwanted disturbance within a useful frequency band

366
Q

incandescent

A

“warmer” than sunlight, rich in yellows & reds, weak in greens & blues

  • least efficient, least effective, short bulb light
  • bulb 1/8” diameter
367
Q

solar air-condidioning

A

A cooling system that provides refrigerated air using solar radiation as the prime source of energy.

368
Q

sone

A

A subjective system of measuring loudness, based on the reference point of one sone equal to a sound pressure level of 40 dB.

369
Q

expansion tank

A

A chamber or tank provided in a hot water heating system to allow for expansion of the water in the system as its temperature rises

370
Q

thermal mass storage wall

A

A wall whose mass is composed of concrete, masonry, or containers filled with water, the purpose of which is to absorb and store solar heat.

371
Q

starter

A

A device which starts the arc in a neon or fluorescent lamp or a contactor and overload relay used in starting some electric motors

372
Q

reversible-acting valve

A

A valve that opens with pressure is applied and closes when pressure is released

373
Q

soil

A

A sanitary drainage term referring to the waste from urinals, water closets, and fixtures of similar function

374
Q

ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)

A

A special circuit breaker equipped with an actuating device which will trip the circuit breaker in the event leakage current to ground exceeds about 0.0005 of an ampere

375
Q

flushometer valve

A

A valve which releases a specific amount of water into a plumbing fixture each time it is actuated

376
Q

variable air volume (VAV)

A

An air conditioning system which accommodates thermal load changes by varying the flow of supply air into a conditioned space instead of varying the temperature of the supply air

377
Q

Design for Hot Humid climate

A
  • circulate air as much as possible
  • detatched/seasonal kitchens
  • balconies & breezeways
  • elevate on poles to allow air flow underneath
  • roof in 2 separate layers or open gable
  • no vegetation near windows
378
Q

interceptor

A

A device for trapping grease, sand, hair, string, buttoms and so on, installed in the drains of certain types of fixtures

379
Q

manometer

A

A u-shaped tube partially filled with a liquid, used for measuring the pressure of a fluid

380
Q

declination

A

The 23.5 degree tilt of the earth’s axis relative to a line perpendicular to the plane of the earth’s orbit. This tilt is responsible for the seasons

381
Q

ton

A

The amount of cooling required to convert a ton of water to ice in a 24 hour period, equal to a steady rate of 12,000 Btuh

382
Q

Calculating absorptivty of a room

A

Area times absorptivty of the surfaces

Ex room 20x30x10 w/absorptivty of each surface =.02
((2x(30x20))+(2x(30x10))+(2x(20x10))) x .02 = 44 sabins

383
Q

conductivity (k)

A

The rate at which a given material conducts heat per inch of thickness

384
Q

AC

A

The abbreviation for either air-conditioning or alternating current, depending on the context

385
Q

PPM

A

The abbreviation for parts per million

386
Q

mixing box

A

An enclosure in which two air streams are mixed. commonly used for mixing outside air and return air, or hot and cold air in a dual duct system

387
Q

masking

A

The drowing out of one sound by another

388
Q

fire assembly

A

A complete fire-resistive assembly consisting of a fire door, fire damper, or fire window and its mounting frame and hardware. The entire assembly, not just its components, must be approved and labeled by a testing agency which inspects the materials workmanship during fabrication at factory. available ratings are 3/4, 1, 1 1/2, and 3 hours

389
Q

flame-spread rating

A

A numerical classification indicating the rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a given material. Class I materials have the least flame spread and Class III have the most

390
Q

heat pump

A

A refrigeration system which both heats and cools. In summer, heat is pumped from indoors to outdoors, and in winter, heat is pumped from outdoors to indoors

391
Q

invert

A

The lowest point of the inside of a drain, pipe, channel, or other liquid-carrying conduit

392
Q

impact isolation class (IIC)

A

A rating of the degree of isolation of a floor against the transmission of impact noises.

393
Q

luminous intensity (I)

A

The amount of light emitted by a source

394
Q

vacuum breaker

A

An automatic valve which admits air into a supply pipe to prevent siphoning polluted water back into the supply

395
Q

interceptor

A

keep grease & other waste materials from netering sewer

396
Q

gate valve

A

A valve consisting of a sliding plate or gate perpendicular to the flow, intended to be fully open or closed

397
Q

dew point

A

The temperature of air at which the water contained in the air begins to condense and form dew. It is therefore the temperature at which the air is at 100% humidity

398
Q

wye connection

A

A method of connecting the windings on a three phase transformer in which one end of all three windings is connected to a common neutral centrral point, forming a Y shape. Is is also known as a star connection

399
Q

downspout

A

A vertical pipe used to conduct water from a roof drain or gutter to the ground. It is also called a leader

400
Q

design day

A

used to design and size a heating system that determines the day cooler than 98% of all days in the year experience in a climate

401
Q

sunspace system

A

A passive solar system that utilizes a direct gain feature, such as a greenhouse or atrium, usually with a thermal storage wall.

402
Q

Determining elevator speed

A

1.6 x building height + 350

403
Q

ballast

A

An electrical device used with fluorescent and other lamps to provide starting voltage and regulate current flow through the lamp

404
Q

resistance

A

A measure of the tendency of an electric circuit to restrict the flow of current, or the ratio of voltage to current in a conductor or closed circuit. The unit of resistance is the ohm

405
Q

damper

A

A device inserted in an air stream to modulate, restrict, or divert hte flow of air

406
Q

KVA

A

A rating for transformers equal to the product of volts and amperes divided by 1000. The product of the KVA and the power factor gives the power in kilowatts

407
Q

Ton

A

12,000 Btuh

408
Q

Inverse Square Law

A

A physical principle which states that the intensity of a phenomenon is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source to the measure device. It holds true for point sources of light, and for sound in an open field.
-If 24 fc @ 10’, what is it at 20’? (10/20)^2=1/4 therefore 24 x 1/4=6 fc

409
Q

soil pipe

A

Any pipe which conveys the discahrge from water closests, urinals, and similar fixtures

410
Q

circuit vent

A

In sanitary drainage, any vent which serves two or more traps

411
Q

capacitance

A

A measure of the ability of two of more closely spaced plates to store electricity. The unit of capacitance is the farad

412
Q

OSHA

A

The abbreviation for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration which regulated working conditions

413
Q

transmission loss (TL)

A

The reduction of sound which occurs when a given wall transmits sound from one room to an adjacent room, expressed in decibels

414
Q

gate valve

A

all on/all off, min restriction when fully open, turbulant when partially open

415
Q

evaporative cooling

A

A cooling process in which water vapor, at a constant wet bulb temperature, is added to the air, reducing the dry bulb temperature.

416
Q

oakum

A

Caulking made from hemp fiber strand or rope soaked in oil or other substance to make it waterproof and rot-resistant

417
Q

stack effect

A

The tendency of a gas or air to rise in a vertical shaft bc its density is lower than that of surrounding gas or air. It is also called chimney effect

418
Q

contactor

A

A switch, usually magnetically operated, which is used to open and close an electrical circuit

419
Q

luminaire

A

A complete light fixture including lamps.

420
Q

economizer cycle

A

An energy-saving strategy in which a part of the HVAC system is shut off while the rest is used, such as shutting off the refrigeration when the outside air temperature is loq, while the fan continues to operate

421
Q

POC

A

Products of combustion, usually relative to smoke detection

422
Q

efficacy

A

The ratio of the lumens emitted by a lamp to the electrical power consumed by the lamp

423
Q

pump

A

A mechanical device used to compress or move a fluid

424
Q

reheat

A

The adding of sensible heat to a supply air stream which has been previously cooled

425
Q

Fancoil

A

air supplied through duct, hot & cool h2o pipe coils @ each zone. hot or cold water (or none if ventilation only req’d) runs through pipe & air blows over.
-high initial cost, but very efficient

426
Q

Design for Hot Arid climate

A
  • evaporative cooling
  • high thermal mass to store heat during the day
  • courtyard form w/water feature in center
427
Q

balancing damper

A

A damper provided in a duct system to regulate the flow of air when the system is being balanced or tuned to design requirements

428
Q

conductance (c)

A

The rate at which a specific thickness of a given material conducts heat

429
Q

footcandle

A

The basic unit of illumination arriving at a work plane. One footcandle is equal to one lumen per square foot

430
Q

Design for cold climate

A
  • minimize exposed surfaces
  • southern glazing
  • deciduous trees N/NW to block prevailing winds
  • vestibules
  • chimney/internal thermal mass
431
Q

blowdown

A

The drain which removes dirt which builds up in the floor pool of an evaporative cooling tower, or the discharging of sediment from the bottom of a boiler or heat exchanger

432
Q

trap

A

u shaped line that keeps methane from sewer system from entering the building

433
Q

ionization detector

A

A fire detector which detects the products of combustion (POC) even before they are visible to the naked eye.

434
Q

occupancy group

A

A designation for a group of several occupancies which have comparable fire safety considerations and which are therefore grouped together by the code

435
Q

ball drip

A

The automatic drain valve at hte base of a dry standpipe

436
Q

alternation

A

One reversal of an alternating current wave, 2 of which make one complete cycle

437
Q

convection

A

The heat transfer process which occurs when a warm fluid rises, displacing cold fluid which then falls

438
Q

nonpotable water

A

Water which is not fit for drinking

439
Q

halon

A

A gaseous, fire-extinguishing medium which smothers fires, often used in automatic systems in computer rooms.

440
Q

wet standpipe

A

A vertical supply pipe for firefighting which is pressurized and filled with water to serve attached hoses on each floor within the building. A Siamese connection allows the water flow to be augmented from fire hydrants.

441
Q

photometry

A

The measurement of light distribution, illumination, and the intensity of light, usually with the aid of a photometer

442
Q

evaporator

A

The part of a refrigeration system in which the refrigerant evaporates, absorbing heat from the medium to be cooled

443
Q

underwriter’s loop

A

A plumbing arrangement on steam boilers to avoid rapid loss of water in the boiler due to a break in the condensate return line. It is also referred to as a Hartford loop

444
Q

coefficient of utilization

A

The ratio of useful light arriving at hte work plane to the amount of light emitted by the source, which depends on the reflectivity of different surfaces and the aspect ratios of the ceiling, wall, and floor cavities

445
Q

iron based fittings

A

rust or oxidize

446
Q

sill cock

A

An outside faucet for connecting to a garden hose

447
Q

branch vent

A

A vent connecting one or more individual vents to a stack vent

448
Q

active solar system

A

A heating of cooling system that collects and moves solar heat with the assistance of mechanical power.

449
Q

leaching field

A

An absorption or drain field in which septic tank effluents seep through loose pipes and coarse aggregates into the surrounding soil

450
Q

faucet

A

A valve at the end of a pipe providing a means of releasing and controlling water from the pipe

451
Q

register

A

The device consisting of a grille and damper to control the amount of air passing through it

452
Q

point grid method

A

find illumination of each fixture based on intensity at the source x cos of angle between perpendicular line of receiver and line from source of light to receiver divided by the line from the source of light to receiver squared

453
Q

ground

A

An electrical conductor connected to the earth or to a pipe extending into the ground, used to dissipate hazardous current into the earth

454
Q

sensible heat

A

Heat which changes the temperature of a substance without a change of state

455
Q

auxiliary heat source

A

In solar design, a back-up heating system that is automatically activated when solar energy is insufficient to supply the required needs.

456
Q

collector

A

A device used to collect solar radiation

457
Q

pneumatic

A

Referring to the use of air, especially under pressure, usually to operate machinery

458
Q

Electrical Conduits

A
  1. Rigid: safest, galv. exterior, enamel coated interior
  2. Intermediate metallic conduit (IMC): steel, slightly pricier
  3. Electrical metallic tubing (EMT): thinnest, galv, connections made w/special clamping syst. rather than threading
  4. Flexible metal conduit: flex/greenfield, can’t be used underground
  5. Interlocked armored cable: prewired, no wires added in field, prewrapped wires encased in interlocking metal spiral armor, no use underground or in concrete
  6. Power grid floors/cellular metal floors: system w/knockout panels @ regular intervals for access, conc. poured right over
  7. sheather/romex: NM/NMC, 2 insul live wires & a ground wire encased in plastic; no other cover req’d, not underground
459
Q

compressor

A

A machine for compressing air or gases. As a basic component of an air-conditioning system, a compressor draws vaporized refrigerant from the evaporator, compresses it, and discharges it to a condenser

460
Q

chlorination

A

The addition of small amounts of chlorine to a water source to kill bacteria

461
Q

individual vent

A

A vent which is continuation of the trap and drain to which it connects. It is also called a common vent

462
Q

Dessicant system

A

sun bakes moisture out of a dessicant. outside air brought past it, dried air is either brought into building or water sprayed through it causing temp to drop through evaporation

463
Q

power level (PWL)

A

The logarithmic expression for the acoustical power at the source of a sound. It is also known as acoustic power level

464
Q

plant sizing

A
  • 5-10% building footprint
  • every 15-20 floors in a high rise
  • forced air=most space
465
Q

NEC

A

The abbreviation for the National Electrical Code

466
Q

plenum

A

The space between a suspended ceiling and the structure above, which is used as a very large, slow moving air duct

467
Q

cycles per second (CPS)

A

A measure of frequency in electric current or acoustics i.e. the bumer of sycles per second of a wave or oscillation. The term has been largely replaced by hertz, where 1 cps = 1 Hz

468
Q

surge arrester

A

A device installed in a water line to minimize the effects of water hammer caused by quick closing valves

469
Q

leader

A

A vertical pipe used to conduct water from a roof drain or gutter to the ground. It is also called a downspout

470
Q

pilot tube

A

An instrument used with a manometer or pressure gauge to measure the velocity of air or water in a duct or pipe

471
Q

white noise

A

Innocuous background noise used to mask objectionable sounds.

472
Q

insulation

A

A material of very low conductivity used to separate electrical conductors and prevent leakage of electical currents, or a material used to prevent or reduce heat flow

473
Q

fan

A

A device consisting of a series of blades in a circular arrangement, driven by a motor or other prime mover to produce a current of air

474
Q

transducer

A

A device which converts power in one kind of system to power in another form, such as a loudspeaker which converts electric power to acoustic power

475
Q

infiltration

A

The leakage of air through cracks around windows and other building elements

476
Q

pitch

A

The tone of a sound, varying from low to high. Pitch depends primarily on the frequency of sound and to a lesser extent on the sound pressure and wave form.

477
Q

wet bulb temperature (WBT)

A

The temperature attained by a glass thermometer whose bulb is covered with a wet sock and placed in an air strem moving at 1000 cubic feet/min
Stored enthalpy

478
Q

potable water

A

Water which is suitable for drinking

479
Q

noise reduction coefficient (NRC)

A

A one-number rating system giving the average sound absorption coefficient of a material at frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz