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Bacteriology > Brucella practical > Flashcards

Brucella practical Flashcards

1
Q

BRUCELLA: Taxonomy, habitat and morphology

A
  1. Taxonomy:
    • monospecies system: B. melitensis, within the species biovars
    • B. melitensis biovar abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
    • multispecies system: B. abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
    • both systems are in use
  2. Habitat:
    • infected host
  3. Morphology:
    • 0.6-1.5 µm coccoid rods
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2
Q

BRUCELLA: Staining

A 
• Gram negative
• Köster-staining
• 3% safranin 3-5 minutes, steam once
• 0.5% H2SO4
• washing
• methylene blue 2 min
• modified Ziehl-Neelsen
staining
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3
Q

BRUCELLA: Culture

A 
• obligate aerobic,
• fastidious (vitamin, yeast extract)
• CO2
• S-R colonies (at the isolation)
 - S colonies: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis
 - R colonies: B. canis, B. ovis
• selective culture:
• polymyxin, bacitracin, cycloheximide,
• (laboratory animals)
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4
Q

BRUCELLA: Biochemistry and antigens

A 
6. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase +,
• urease +
7. Antigens:
• close antigen relationship
• „S colony type”:
• B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis cross reaction
• „R colony type”:
• B. ovis - B. canis cross reaction
• cell wall
• A and M polysaccharides: B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis
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5
Q

BRUCELLA: Groups and resistance

A 
8. Groups:
• species:
•phage susceptibility (Tbilisi phage)
•oxidative metabolism,
•natural host
• biotype:
•CO2 demand,
•H2S,
•fuchsin/thionin tolerance,
•agglutination
9. Resistance:
• medium
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6
Q

BRUCELLA: Pathogenicity

A 
10. Pathogenicity:
• facultative intra cellular bacterium
• B. melitensis: goat, sheep,
• B. abortus: cattle,
• B. suis: swine, hare, reindeer, rodents
• B. pinnipediales: seal, walrus
• B. ceti: whale, dolphin
• B. ovis: sheep
• B. canis: dog,
• B. neotomae: desert rat
• B. microti: vole
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7
Q

BURKHOLDERIA: Habitat, morphology, staining, culture and species

A 
1. Habitat:
• mucous membranes (B. mallei), soil, water, plants (B. pseudomallei)
2. Morphology:
• 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella (except B. mallei)
3. Staining:
• Gram negative
4. Culture:
• not fastidious, obligate aerobic,
• pigment production
5. Species:
• B. mallei
• B. pseudomallei
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8
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture

A 
1. Habitat:
• host
2. Morphology:
• 1.5-5 µm rod
• no flagella
3. Staining:
• irregular
4. Culture:
• glycerol supports,
• no pigment production
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9
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Biochemistry, resistance

A 
5. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase +,
• oxidative
6. Resistance:
• weak
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10
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Pathogenicity

A
  1. Pathogenicity:
    • malleus/glanders (horse, donkey),
    • cat,
    • human
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11
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei: Habitat, morphology and culture

A 
1. Habitat:
• soil, water, tropics
2. Morphology:
• 1.5-5 µm rod
• flagella
3. Culture:
• glycerol agar: large colonies,
• broth: layer
• pigment
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12
Q

Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei: Pathogenicity

A
  1. Pathogenicity:
    • melioidosis
    • swine, cattle, sheep, goat, dog, cat, human
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13
Q

PSEUDOMONAS: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture

A 
1. Habitat:
• mucous membranes, soil, water, plants
2. Morphology:
• 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella
3. Staining:
• Gram negative
4. Culture:
• not fastidious,
• obligate aerobic,
• pigment production
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14
Q

PSEUDOMONAS: Pathogenicity and species

A 
5. Pathogenicity:
• saprophytes – plant pathogens – animal pathogens
6. Species
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Pseudomonas anguilliseptica
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15
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Habitat, morphology and culture

A 
1. Habitat:
• environment, water, sewage, gut
2. Morphology:
• 1 polar flagellum,
• polar fimbria
3. Culture:
• simple, 5-42 oC,
• β haemolysis,
• odour
• pigments:
• piocianin
• fluorescein
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16
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Biochemistry, antigens and resistance

A 
4. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase +,
5. Antigens:
• O antigen
• 27 O antigens
  - several components
  - H antigens
• phage typing,
• pyocin typing
6. Resistance:
• resistance
  - quaterner NH4 salts,
  - amphoteric disinfectants
• susceptibility
  - dehydration,
  - heat,
  -most disinfectants
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17
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenicity

A 
7. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• local suppuration,
• cattle, mare:
  - mastitis, metritis,
• sheep:
  - dermatitis
• dog:
  - otitis externa,
• fur animals:
  - septicaemia
18
Q

Pseudomonas anguilliseptica: Pathogenicity

A 
2. Pathogenicity:
• salmon, eel:
• septicaemia,
• keratitis,
• haemorrhages
19
Q

AEROMONAS: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture

A 
1. Habitat:
• water, sewage, gut
2. Morphology:
• 1-4 µm rods, generally flagellated
3. Staining:
• Gram negative
4. Culture:
• simple, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
20
Q

AEROMONAS: Biochemistry and species/groups

A
  1. Biochemistry:
    • catalase +,
    • oxidase +
  2. Groups, species
    • „mesophilic aeromonas” species: A. hydrophila
    • „psychrofilic aeromonas” species: A. salmonicida
21
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila: Morphology and culture

A 
1. Morphology:
• 1-4 µm rods,
• flagella
2. Culture:
• simple,
• haemolysis,
• optimal temperature 28 oC
22
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila: Biochemistry and pathogenicity

A 
3. Biochemistry:
• sometimes gas is produced
• resembles E. coli
4. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• fishes, amphibians, reptiles
 - septicaemia,
• farm animals
 - colonisation
23
Q

Aeromonas salmonicida: Morphology and culture

A 
1. Morphology:
• small coccobacillus, no flagella
2. Culture:
• optimal temperature: 20 oC,
• dark brown pigment
24
Q

Aeromonas salmonicida: Pathogenicity

A
  1. Pathogenicity:
    • facultative pathogenic
    • fish (Salmonidae): furunculosis
25
Q

FRANCISELLA: Habitat, morphology and staining

A 
1. Habitat:
• rodents, arthropods, (environment)
2. Morphology:
• 0.5-2 µm coccoid rods,
• thin capsule
3. Staining:
• Gram negative,
• bipolar
26
Q

FRANCISELLA: Culture

A 
4. Culture:
• aerobic, fastidious,
• additives:
• protein,
• cystein, cystin,
• yeast extract
• media:
• Francis-blood agar:
• cystein – glucose – rabbit serum
• cystein – glucose – egg
27
Q

FRANCISELLA: Biochemistry, antigens and resistance

A 
5. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase -
• glycerol
•+: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis
•-: F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (palaearctica)
•+: F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica
6. Antigens:
• uniform,
• cross reactions
•Brucella spp.
• Y. pestis
7. Resistance:
• weak
• good survival in cold
28
Q

FRANCISELLA: Pathogenicity

A 
8. Pathogenicity:
• tularaemia
•rodents,
•dog,
•cat,
•cattle,
•swine,
•sheep,
•human
29
Q

BORDETELLA: Habitat, morphology, staining, culture and biochemistry

A 
1. Habitat:
• respiratory mucous membrane (mammals, birds)
2. Morphology:
• 2-3 µm rods
3. Staining:
• Gram negative
4. Culture:
• obligate aerobic
5. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase +,
• cannot utilise carbohydrates
30
Q

BORDETELLA: Species

A 
6. Species
• B. pertussis: human pertussis
• B. parapertussis: human parapertussis
• B. bronchiseptica
• B. avium
31
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica: Habitat, morphology and culture

A
  1. Habitat:
    • mucous membrane, respiratory (swine, dog, cat, horse, rabbit)
  2. Morphology:
    • rods,
    • fimbria
  3. Culture:
    • simple,
    • growth on media containing only citrate
    • selective isolation:
    • crystal violet, bile salts, penicillin, nitrofurantoin
32
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica: Biochemistry and antigens

A 
4. Biochemistry:
• cytotoxins,
• dermonecrotoxin
5. Antigens:
• several O, K, H and fimbria antigens
33
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica: Resistance and pathogenicity

A 
6. Resistance:
• medium
7. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• swine
• atrophic rhinitis (with P. multocida),
• rabbit
• pneumonia
• dog
• complication to distemper,
• cat
• bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
34
Q

Bordetella avium: Habitat, morphology, culture and biochemistry

A 
1. Habitat:
• poultry respiratory tract
2. Morphology:
• capsule, flagella, fimbria
3. Culture:
• simple
4. Biochemistry:
• cytotoxins,
• dermonecrotoxin
35
Q

Bordetella avium: Pathogenicity

A
  1. Pathogenicity:
    • avian bordetellosis (coryza-like),
    • chicken
36
Q

MORAXELLA: Habitat, morphology, staining and resistance

A 
1. Habitat:
• mucous membranes (upper respiratory way, conjunctiva)
2. Morphology:
• 1-3 µm coccoid rods, capsule, pairs
3. Staining:
• Gram negative
4. Resistance:
• weak
37
Q

MORAXELLA: Subgenera and species

A 
5. Subgenera:
• Moraxella,
• Branhamella
6. Species
• M. (M.) lacunata: human kerato-conjunctivitis
• M.(M.) bovis
• M. (B.) ovis
38
Q

Moraxella (Moraxella) bovis: Morphology, culture, biochemistry and antigens

A 
1. Morphology:
• rods in pairs,
• fimbria
2. Culture:
• fastidious, blood agar,
• β haemolysis
3. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase +,
• extra cellular enzymes
• proteases,
• hyaluronidase,
• fibrinolysine
4. Antigens:
• fimbria 7 groups
39
Q

Moraxella (Moraxella) bovis: Pathogenicity

A
  1. Pathogenicity:

• cattle infectious kerato-conjunctivitis (pink eye)

40
Q

Moraxella (Branhamella) ovis: Habitat and morphology

A 
1. Habitat:
• sheep, calf: conjunctiva, nasal cavity
2. Morphology:
• cocci in pairs,
• fimbriae on some of them
41
Q

Moraxella (Branhamella) ovis: Pathogenicity

A
  1. Pathogenicity:
    • facultative pathogenic,
    • keratoconjunctivitis of sheep, goats and young calves

Bacteriology (5 decks)

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