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Rotay-shuns > BRAINS! (Neuro) > Flashcards

BRAINS! (Neuro) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tx of choice for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

carbamazepine; oxcarbazeine is also used however it is not FDA approved for trigeminal neuralgia

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2
Q

Ketorolac (toradol) is good initial abortive therapy for severe headaches for pts with infrequent migraines. How long should you limit use to?

A

5 days
Ketorolac is an NSAID, this med has a black box warning for: CV risk, renal risk, GI risk, bleeding risk, hypersensitivity risk and labor/delivery risk

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3
Q

What is Kernig sign?

A

sign for meningitis
•Kernig sign: supine position, flex hip 90 degrees, inability or reluctance to allow full extension of the knee when the hip is flexed

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4
Q

What is Brudzinski sign?

A

sign for meningitis

Brudzinski sign: spontaneous flexion of hips during attempted passive flexion of the neck

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5
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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6
Q

What is normal intracranial pressure?

A

5-15 mmHg

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7
Q

What is Wernicke’s triad?

A

Mental confusion, ataxia and ohthalmoplegia

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8
Q

What cells make CSF?

A

Ependymal cells

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9
Q

What percentage of strokes are ischemic?

A

80%

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10
Q

By definition, TIA symptoms resolve completely within …. ?

A

24 hours

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11
Q

This type of aneurysm accounts for 75% of nontraumatic cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage …

A

Ruptured saccular (berry) aneurysm

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12
Q

What has a triad of: walking problems, incontinence and behavior and dementia problems

A

normal-pressure hydrocephalus

“wet, wacky and wobbly”

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13
Q

benign essential (familial) tremors often have this inheritance pattern

A

autosomal dominant

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14
Q

Bell’s palsy involves what nerve?

A

VII (facial)

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15
Q

pyridostigmine is used to treat what neurological disease?

A

myasthenia gravis

it’s a cholinesterase inhibitor

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16
Q

what are the most common sources of intracranial metasis (4)?

A

lungs, breast, GI and kidney

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17
Q

sleep terror and sleepwalking can be treated with?

A

benzos

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18
Q

78% of spine tumors are located where?

A

the extradural space

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19
Q

The cornea is heavily innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve, ophthalmic division V1

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20
Q 
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of increased ICP? 
A. Headache
B. Double vision
C. Head tilt
D. Unexplained behavior changes
E. Fever
A

E. fever

21
Q

How would a pt. with a brain tumor (likely) describe their headache?

A

dull, throbbing exacerbated by bending over and exercise, occurs in the morning, improves with head elevation

22
Q

Seizures percent in what percentage of pts. With brain tumors?

A

30%

23
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia is seen in tumors in what part of the brain?

A

occipital lobe

24
Q

Most common clinical feature in guillain barre syndrome is?

A

Parestheisas (80%), followed by dysautonia (70%), respiratory muscle weakness (30%) and muscle weakness (10%)

25
Q

Broca’s area is supplied by which cerebral artery?

A

superior division L MCA

26
Q

Wernickes’s area supplied by which cerebral artery?

A

inferior division of the L MCA

27
Q

Where should LPs be preformed?

A

at L3/L4 or L4/L5

28
Q

What medication classes can you prescribe for recurrent migraines (as prophylaxis)?

A

beta blockers, TCAs, SSRIs, CCBs or anticonvulsants

29
Q

What is: Difficulty or abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements

A

Dyskinesia

30
Q

What is: Visible twitch of a motor unit?

A

Fasciculation

31
Q

What are: Twisting and writhing movements?

A

Athetosis

32
Q

What is: area surrounding the dense core of irreversibly damaged cells that has preserved ionic homeostasis and reduced neuronal electrical activity but that is capable of recovery ?

A

Penumbra

33
Q

What cell type is mostly destroyed in MS?

A

Oligodendrocytes- MS is demyelination of CNS tracts

34
Q

On what chromosome is the gene located that is responsible for amyloid protein?

A

it’s found on chromosome 21, remember almost all people with Down’s end up developing AD. There have also been links to chromosomes 14 & 19

35
Q

What is the hallmark of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome?

A

Muscle weakness – LES is an autoimmune attack against Ca channels this results in a decrease of ACh release and thus muscle weakness

36
Q

What is the most common neurological disorder?

A

CVAs

37
Q

Narcolepsy is associated with abnormalities with _______ sleep.

A

REM

38
Q

What is the Miller Fisher test?

A

An objective gait assessment before and after removal of 30 cc CSF

39
Q

Shaken babies often have this injury:

A

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

40
Q

A coma is defined as unarousable unresponsiveness lasting greater than….

A

60 minutes

41
Q

an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea is?

A

cheyne-stokes respirations

42
Q

Ataxic breathing indicates an injury to the?

A

Medulla

43
Q

what is the main spinal nerve root(s) involved with the biceps reflex?

A

C5, C6

44
Q

what is the main spinal nerve root(s) involved with the brachioradialis reflex?

A

C6

45
Q

what is the main spinal nerve root(s) involved with the triceps reflex?

A

C7

46
Q

what is the main spinal nerve root(s) involved with the patellar reflex?

A

L4

47
Q

what is the main spinal nerve root(s) involved with the achilles tendon reflex?

A

S1

48
Q

You can elicit this sign by holding the patient’s middle finger loosely and flicking the fingernail downward, causing the finger to rebound slightly into extension

A

Hoffmann’s sign
If the thumb flexes and adducts in response, Hoffmann’s sign is present.
Hoffmann’s sign, or heightened finger flexor reflexes suggest an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the hands.

Rotay-shuns (10 decks)

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