Brain

Question 0

Blood CSF barrier

Answer 0

Tight junctions of ependymal cells

Question 1

Blood brain barrier

Answer 1

Tight junctions of brain capillary endothelial cells

Question 2

What arteries take blood to the brain

Answer 2

Vertebral arteries

To internal carotid artery

Question 3

What takes the blood out of the brain

Answer 3

Dural venous sinuses
To internal jugular veins
To heart

Question 4

What neurons use to make ATP in the brain

Answer 4

Glucose and oxygen

Question 5

What makes up the brain barrier

Answer 5

Tight junctions between endothelial cells that surround capillaries in the brain, thick basement layer, and astrocytes

Question 6

Neuron/neuroglia activity increase to and area causes:

Answer 6

Blood flow increase to the area

Question 7

Cranial meninges

Answer 7

Continuous with spinal meninges, minus epidural space

Question 8

Dura mater layers and when they split

Answer 8

Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
They’re fused except to surround Dural venous sinuses

Question 9

Dura mater extensions

Answer 9

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli

Question 10

Brain blood flow

Answer 10

From Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
To brain
To Dural venous sinuses
To internal jugular veins
To heart

Question 11

What is ATP made of

Answer 11

Glucose and oxygen by neurons

Question 12

Increase of neuron/neuroglia activity in brain causes

Answer 12

Increase of blood to the area

Question 13

1-2 min blood flow interruption

Answer 13

Neuron fx impairment

Question 14

4 mins of complete oxygen deprivation

Answer 14

Permanent brain injury

Question 15

How brain gets glucose

Answer 15

Constant supply. Glucose is not stored in brain

Question 16

Insufficient glucose to brain

Answer 16

Dizziness, convulsions, unconsciousness

Question 17

Blood brain barrier is made of

Answer 17

Basement membrane
Epithelial cells
Tight junctions
Astrocytes

Question 18

What crosses the BBB

Answer 18

Fat-soluable substances (oxygen, carbon dioxide, alcohol)
Less:Glucose (active transport)
Ions, creatine, urea (leaky chanels)

Question 19

What doesn’t cross BBB

Answer 19

Proteins

Most antibiotics

Question 20

What breaks down the BBB

Answer 20

Toxins
Trauma
Inflammation

Question 21

What’s in CSF

Answer 21

Mostly water
Plus GLUC PAW:
Glucose
Lactic acid
Urea
Cations
Proteins
Anions
WBC

Question 22

Lateral ventricles location

Answer 22

In cerebrum, separated by septum pellucidum

Question 23

Third ventricle location

Answer 23

Along midline above hypothalamus

Question 24

Fourth ventricle location

Answer 24

Between cerebellum and brainstem

Question 25

CSF functions (3)

Answer 25

1. Shock absorption
2. Homeostasis-pH levels affect pulmonary ventilation and brain blood flow
3. Circulation/Minor exchange btwn blood and nn tissue (of waste and nutrients)

Question 26

Choroid plexuses

Answer 26

Network of capillaries in the walls of ventricles.

Capillaries are covered by ependymal cells with tight junctions

Question 27

What do ependymal cells do

Answer 27

• Cover choroid plexus capillaries

- Filter mostly water from capillary blood plasma to produce CSF

Question 28

Blood brain barrier vs Blood-CSF barrier

Answer 28

BBB- epithelial cells and tight junctions

Blood CSF barrier- ependymal cells and tight junctions

Question 29

CSF circulation

Answer 29

-All ventricle plexuses are continuously creating CSF
Starting from lateral ventricle
Thru Interventricular foramina
Third ventricle
thru midbrain aqueduct/cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
thru med and lat aperatures
Subarachnoid space and central canal
thru arachnoid villi in Dural venous sinuses
Reabsorbed into blood

Question 30

Arachnoid granulation

Answer 30

Clusters of arachnoid villi

Question 31

CSF formation and rate of reabsorption into blood

Answer 31

Rate of formation and reabsorption is equal.

Therefore, pressure and volume is constant.