Book 3 Italy 1850-59 Second War of Independence Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Book 3 Italy 1850-59 Second War of Independence Deck (25)
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1
Q

Define opportunist

A

to make the most out of a situation to one’s advantage

2
Q

What was the Quadrilateral?

A

4 formidable Austrian fortifications in Lombardy

3
Q

Define plebiscite

A

a national vote on a particular issue

4
Q

Define exile

A

To be expelled from a country as a threat

5
Q

What years were the Crimean War?

A

1854-56

6
Q

Who did Piedmont join in the Crimean War against Russia?

A

Britain and France

7
Q

What was the National Society?

A

Pro-Italian exiles escaped to Piedmont and joined in a group to promote their ideas.

8
Q

What did the National Society stand for?

A

Austria out and some level of unification under Piedmont. (No longer pro republic after 1860).

9
Q

Which leader of the National Society was invited to meet Cavour in 1856?

A

Manin

10
Q

Who was Niagra?

A

Premier Cavour’s trusted advisor and confident. He negotiated with the French.

11
Q

Give TWO personal reasons why Napoleon supported Italian nationalism.

A

Lived there in his youth, pro-liberalism, felt badly for sending troops into Rome in 1849.

12
Q

Give TWO political reasons why Napoleon supported Italian nationalism.

A

Weaken Austria, gain support at home, power in Europe, gain a southern European ally.

13
Q

What was the Orsini plot?

A

Count Felice Orsini plotted the assassination of Napoleon in the name of Italian nationalism.

14
Q

When was the secret Plombieres meeting between Napoleon and Cavour?

A

July 1858

15
Q

What terms of the Plombieres meeting show Cavour as an opportunist?

A

For French help, Cavour accepted the unification of Italy into four blocks and gave France Nice and Savoy.

16
Q

Why did Austria declare war on Piedmont in April 1859?

A

Piedmont mobilised troops on the Lombardy border.

17
Q

What were the two main battles of the Second War of Independence?

A

Solferino and Magenta

18
Q

Where did the Austrians retreat to after losing the first battle?

A

The Quadrilateral

19
Q

Why did Napoleon sue for peace without Piedmont’s consent?

A

High casualty rates, difficulty of defeating the Austrians in the Quadrilateral, fear of Prussians joining

20
Q

What treaties ended the war of 1859?

A

Villafranca ended war, Zurich agreed the terms

21
Q

How did the National Society take advantage of the war?

A

Organised demonstrations in the Grand Duchies and created provisional governments with links to Piedmont

22
Q

Name THREE reasons why Cavour resigned in disgust.

A

Piedmont ignored, Lombardy given to France (to be given to Piedmont), No Venetia, Grand Duchies squashed

23
Q

Who gave France Savoy and Nice, even though not all of the terms of Plombieres were met?

A

Cavour! He came back to leadership in January 1860

24
Q

How did Cavour justify giving France these ‘Italian’ cities?

A

Plebicites

25
Q

Cavour arranged the annexation of the Central Duchies. How did he justify this?

A

Plebicites