Bone Pathologies Flashcards Preview

Ortho Path 300 > Bone Pathologies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Bone Pathologies Deck (18)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Chronic systemic disease of bone
Characterized by thickening and hypertrophy of long bones and deformity of flat bones.

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts on overdrive. Excess breakdown and disorganized remodelling. Bones big but weak

Insidious
Common after age 55

Primarily affects axial skeleton

Can create musculoskeletal and neurologic problems.

2
Q

Osteomalacia

A

In kids: rickets

Calcium salts fail to be deposited properly in newly formed osteoid.

Causes: severe Vitamin D deficiency; chronic renal insufficiency; malabsorption syndrome; hyperthyroidism (Increases osteoclast activity; takes Ca out of bone)

3
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Normal bone, but not enough of it

Progressive and systemic metabolic disease of decreasing bone mass/density

New bone formation by osteoblasts outpaced by resorption by osteoclasts

Most commonly affects hip, wrist and spine
(Fronts of vertebrae break –> wedging –>forward posture w/hump)

4
Q

Osteopenia

A

Osteoporosis lite

5
Q

Dowager’s Hump

A

Excessive thoracic curve due to vertebral fracture

6
Q

Scurvy

A

Failure of osteoblast formation of bone matrix, caused by vitamin C deficiency (defect in collagen synthesis)

7
Q

Osteoblastic lesion

A

lesion of too much bone

8
Q

Osteolytic lesion

A

bone destruction

9
Q

Mass Effect

A

A growth that presses on something, and causes an effect

10
Q

Osteoid Osteoma

A

Benign bone tumour
Vascular osteoblastic lesion often found in cortex of long bones near end of the diaphysis
Way too much osteoid being produced.

11
Q

Osteoblastoma

A

Benign bone tumour.
Similar to osteoid osteoma but larger and more expansive
Spine, sacrum, flat bones.

12
Q

(Osteocartilaginous) Exostosis

A

Benign bone tumour.
Connective tissue tumour with proliferation of bone tissue
Bony mass with or without pain

Can be subungal, buccal, multiple, compact, diaphyseal aclasis

13
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

“osteogenic sarcoma”

Most common primary malignant tumour
Extremely malignant and osteolytic

Most often in young males (10-25)

14
Q

Sarcoma

A

malignant tumour of mesenchymal origin (muscle, bone, fat, cartilage)

15
Q

Carcinoma

A

malignant tumour of nonmesenchemal (i.e. epidermal) tissue

16
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant tumour composed of neoplastic cartilage cells

Most common in males 35-60
Diaphysis or metaphysis of pelvis, ribs, vertebrae and long bones

17
Q

Ewing’s Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumour composed of undifferentiated bone marrow cells

Males 10-20

Diaphysis of long bones

18
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone caused by infectious microorganism

Most common: staphylococcus aureus